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. 2021 May 22;62(1):160–179. doi: 10.1007/s12016-021-08861-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a structure of ETs, ET-associated proteins, and the nature of DNA depend on the producing cell types. b Role of MCs in antimicrobial defense against S. aureus: MCs release TNF-α which is a critical neutrophil attractant to the site of infection. MCs from MC-deficient Kit^{W−sh/W−sh} mice cannot effectively attract neutrophils when compared to the wild type Kit^+/+ MCs. When WT MCs are injected to MC-deficient Kit^{W−sh/W−sh} mice, they restore their ability to eliminate the bacteria by recruiting neutrophils to the site of infection