Fig. 4.

Production of ETs in neutrophils and eosinophils in response to chemical and biologic stimuli. a Stimuli including IL-8, IFN-α, PMA, and microbes induce the generation of NETs. Molecular events during ETosis include chromatin decondensation, DNA release into the cytoplasm, and release of DNA webs decorated with histones, LL-37, PAD, and MMP-9 into the extracellular space to trap invading pathogens. b Eosinophils produce EETs through releasing of mitochondrial DNA that becomes decorated with MBP upon exposure to stimuli including C5a, LPS, IgA/IgG, and GM-CSF/IL-5 + PAF