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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 May 22.
Published in final edited form as: Epidemiology. 2021 May 1;32(3):327–335. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000001333

Figure 2: ZIP code-level prevalence ratio for durable medical equipment and breast pump rentals at Kaiser Permanente Southern California, 2008–2018 by ZIP code-level socioeconomic factors.

Figure 2:

A) durable medical equipment (DME); B) Breast pumps.

All SES variables were modeled jointly, and a subset of important predictors selected using LASSO (see eMethods). Models were adjusted for year and descriptors of the ZIP code-level KPSC member population: mean age, percent Medicaid users, percent Hispanic members, percent non-Hispanic Black members, and percent female members (DME models only).

a Includes all non-breast pump durable medical equipment rental types: Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP) machines, enteral feeding machines, hospital beds, infusion pumps, oxygen equipment, suction pumps, ventilators, and wheelchairs.