Table 2. Delta body and liver weight and biochemical parameters in plasma obtained from each experimental group.

	S−P−	S−P+	S+P−	S+P+	p-value
Delta weight (g)*	11.74 ± 2.13a	8.68 ± 3.94a	10.54 ± 3.97a	15.20 ± 7.12a	0.382
Liver (g/100 g body weight)†	4.25 ± 0.15a	4.21 ± 0.19a	4.40 ± 0.23a	4.04 ± 0.18a	0.501
Glucose (mmol/L)	14.49 ± 0.92b	11.52 ± 1.57a	12.66 ± 1.81a	14.96 ± 1.35b	0.012
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.19 ± 0.11a	1.41 ± 0.40a	0.86 ± 0.04a	1.39 ± 0.27a	0.522
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.68 ± 0.10a	1.69 ± 0.09a	1.64 ± 0.07a	1.68 ± 0.14a	0.983
Liver injury
Direct bilirubin (mmol/L)	0.46 ± 0.11a	0.37 ± 0.09a	0.32 ± 0.08a	0.38 ± 0.09a	0.514
Indirect bilirubin (mmol/L)	1.27 ± 0.24a	0.89 ± 0.13a	0.99 ± 0.36a	0.67 ± 0.30a	0.120
Total bilirubin (mmol/L)	1.73 ± 0.25a	1.40 ± 0.12a	1.33 ± 0.23a	1.22 ± 0.38a	0.067
AST (IU/L)	50.40 ± 2.24a	51.60 ± 3.74a	55.72 ± 8.29a	54.50 ± 3.71a	0.683
ALT (IU/L)	34.17 ± 2.73a	33.28 ± 1.51a	34.62 ± 3.40a	35.35 ± 2.92a	0.965
Albumin (g/L)	36.47 ± 0.65a	36.39 ± 0.54a	35.74 ± 1.15a	35.94 ± 1.04a	0.714
Total protein (g/L)	65.17 ± 3.19a	66.91 ± 3.42a	64.17 ± 3.43a	66.27 ± 4.12a	0.848
Kidney function
Urea (mmol/L)	5.46 ± 0.33ab	5.45 ± 0.42ab	5.65 ± 0.35b	4.68 ± 0.28a	0.025
Creatinine (mmol/L)	24.71 ± 1.38a	20.02 ± 2.07a	22.88 ± 2.40a	22.37 ± 2.06a	0.178
BUN (mmol/L)	2.59 ± 0.14b	2.52 ± 0.20ab	2.64 ± 0.17c	2.19 ± 0.13a	0.025

Notes.

Data are represented as mean ± S.E.M. (n = 3–7/group). Different letters mean significative differences (ANOVA, p ≥ 0.05).

^*Delta weight was calculated as the rats body weight on the fifth day minus its body weight on the first day of the experiment and is shown in absolute value.

^†Liver value was calculated as the rats liver weight (g) per 100 g of rats body weight on the fifth day of the experiment.

AST

aspartate aminotransferase

ALT

alanine aminotransferase

BUN

blood urea nitrogen

S−P−

rats neither exposed to stress nor with piracetam treatment

S−P+

rats not exposed to stress but treated with piracetam

S+P+

rats exposed to stress without piracetam treatment

S+P+

rats exposed to stress and treated with piracetam