Table 5.
Association of orthostatic hypotension, categories of orthostatic hypotension (at 6, 12, or 24 months), and postural change in BP with nocturnal dipping categories
| OR [95% CI] | Crude (Ref: dipper, n = 317) | Model 1 (Ref: dipper, n = 317) | Model 2 (Ref: dipper, n = 317) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Extreme dippers (n = 92) |
Nondipper (n = 348) |
Reverse dippers (n = 140) |
Extreme dippers (n = 92) |
Nondipper (n = 348) |
Reverse dippers (n = 140) |
Extreme dippers (n = 92) |
Nondipper (n = 348) |
Reverse dippers (n = 140) |
|
| Orthostatic hypotension (6, 12, and 24 months; N = 128) | 0.31 [0.12, 1.02] | 1.04 [0.95, 2.35] | 2.31 [1.37, 3.91] | 0.36 [0.12, 1.03] | 1.54 [0.97, 2.43] | 2.42 [1.42, 4.15] | 0.29 [0.01, 0.86] | 1.38 [0.86, 2.21] | 2.29 [1.31, 3.99] |
| Orthostatic hypotension | |||||||||
| Never (N = 769) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Isolated (N = 225) | 0.39 [0.14, 1.16 | 1.32 [0.82, 2.14] | 1.62 [0.89, 2.96] | 0.41 [0.14, 1.19] | 1.38 [0.84, 2.25] | 1.71 [0.93, 3.15] | 0.35 [0.12, 1.03] | 1.22 [0.74, 2.02] | 1.64 [0.87, 3.08] |
| Recurrent (N = 123) | 0.002 [3 × 10−23, 7 × 1016] | 2.89 [0.92, 9.07] | 7.81 [2.47, 24.8] | 4 × 10−6 [4 × 10−6, 4 × 10−6] | 2.83 [0.89, 8.96] | 8.11 [2.51, 26.12] | 10−6 [10−6, 10−6] | 2.65 [0.82, 8.51] | 7.70 [2.32, 25.6] |
| Postural Change in SBPa (for every −1 mm Hg) | 0.97 [0.93, 1.02] | 1.03 [1.00, 1.06] | 1.08 [1.04, 1.12] | 0.98 [0.93, 1.02] | 1.03 [0.99, 1.06] | 1.08 [1.04, 1.12] | 0.96 [0.92, 1.01] | 1.03 [1.00, 1.06] | 1.08 [1.04, 1.12] |
| Postural Change in DBPa (for every −1 mm Hg) | 0.98 [0.91, 1.05] | 1.03 [0.99, 1.09] | 1.12 [1.05, 1.19] | 0.98 [0.931 1.05] | 1.04 [0.99, 1.09] | 1.13 [1.05, 1.21] | 0.96 [0.89, 1.04] | 1.05 [1.00, 1.04] | 1.13 [1.05, 1.21] |
Note: Dipping categories were defined as extreme dipper <0.8, normal dipper 0.8 to <0.9, nondipper 0.9–1, and reverse dipper >1. Model 1: age, sex, race/ethnicity. Model 2: smoking status (baseline), chronic kidney disease (baseline), chronic kidney disease (24 months), BMI (baseline), HDL (24 months), total cholesterol (24 months), cardiovascular disease (between baseline and 24 months), and treatment group. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CI, confidence interval; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; OR, odds ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure.