Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population in the training and validation cohorts.
| Variables | Total | Training cohort | Validation cohort | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of participants | 2741 | 2058 | 683 | |
| Age (years) | 44.80 ± 8.29 | 44.98 ± 8.34 | 44.27 ± 8.14 | 0.054 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.48 ± 3.10 | 25.48 ± 3.08 | 25.50 ± 3.18 | 0.898 |
| WC (cm) | 86.10 ± 7.75 | 86.09 ± 7.64 | 86.13 ± 8.07 | 0.706 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 27.00 (20.00-39.00) | 27.00 (20.00-39.00) | 26.00 (20.00-38.00) | 0.843 |
| AST (IU/L) | 22.54 ± 9.94 | 21.00 (17.00-26.00) | 20.00 (16.00-25.50) | 0.805 |
| GGT (IU/L) | 23.00 (17.00-35.00) | 23.00 (17.00-35.00) | 23.00 (16.00-34.00) | 0.139 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.19 ± 0.30 | 1.19 ± 0.29 | 1.19 ± 0.31 | 0.564 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.44 ± 0.86 | 5.45 ± 0.85 | 5.43 ± 0.92 | 0.559 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.25 (0.88-1.82) | 1.25 (0.88-1.82) | 1.25 (0.85-1.82) | 0.526 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 34.34 ± 3.65 | 34.36 ± 3.66 | 34.29 ± 3.63 | 0.648 |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 97.32 ± 6.56 | 97.27 ± 6.60 | 97.48 ± 6.44 | 0.464 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 123.77 ± 14.79 | 124.01 ± 14.85 | 123.07 ± 14.59 | 0.152 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 78.13 ± 10.18 | 78.28 ± 10.19 | 77.66 ± 10.14 | 0.169 |
| Gender (n (%)) | 0.635 | |||
| Female | 486 (17.73%) | 369 (17.93%) | 117 (17.13%) | |
| Male | 2255 (82.27%) | 1689 (82.07%) | 566 (82.87%) | |
| Habit of exercise (n (%)) | 0.313 | |||
| No | 2340 (85.37%) | 1765 (85.76%) | 575 (84.19%) | |
| Yes | 401 (14.63%) | 293 (14.24%) | 108 (15.81%) | |
| Alcohol consumption (n (%)) | <0.001 | |||
| None | 2088 (76.18%) | 1574 (76.48%) | 514 (75.26%) | |
| Light | 286 (10.43%) | 232 (11.27%) | 54 (7.91%) | |
| Moderate | 250 (9.12%) | 179 (8.70%) | 71 (10.40%) | |
| Heavy | 117 (4.27%) | 73 (3.55%) | 44 (6.44%) | |
| Smoking status (n (%)) | 0.022 | |||
| Never | 1226 (44.73%) | 944 (45.87%) | 282 (41.29%) | |
| Past | 726 (26.49%) | 549 (26.68%) | 177 (25.92%) | |
| Current | 789 (28.79%) | 565 (27.45%) | 224 (32.80%) | |
| Follow-up duration (days) | 1902.00 (826.00-3460.00) | 1865.00 (778.50-3444.75) | 2073.00 (1053.50-3474.00) | 0.195 |
| Incident T2D (n (%)) | 0.092 | |||
| No | 2518 (91.86%) | 1901 (92.37%) | 617 (90.34%) | |
| Yes | 223 (8.14%) | 157 (7.63%) | 66 (9.66%) |
Notes: data are presented as n (%), mean ± SD, or median (IQR). Abbreviations: WC: waist circumference; BMI: body mass index; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; GGT: gamma-glutamyl transferase; TG: triglyceride; TC: total cholesterol; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; SBP: systolic blood pressure; T2D: type 2 diabetes.