Table 1.
Sociodemographic Characteristics by Combined ART Adherence Among PLWH Receiving Medical Care in Houston/Harris County, Texas
| Characteristic | Total, n (%) (N=10274) | Combined ART Adherence, n (%) | Rao–Scott χ2a (p-value) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incomplete (n=723) | Partial (n=3268) | Complete (n=4754) | |||
| Age group, years | 13.04 (0.042)* | ||||
| 18–29 | 947 (9.4) | 67 (9.3) | 347 (10.6) | 534 (8.8) | |
| 30–39 | 2123 (21.0) | 215 (29.7) | 764 (23.4) | 1144 (18.7) | |
| 40–49 | 3444 (34.1) | 297 (41.0) | 969 (29.7) | 2178 (35.7) | |
| ≥50 | 3579 (35.5) | 145 (20.0) | 1188 (36.4) | 2246 (36.8) | |
| Education | 0.39 (0.823) | ||||
| Less than high school | 2234 (22.2) | 139 (19.2) | 740 (22.7) | 1355 (22.2) | |
| High school or more | 7850 (77.8) | 584 (80.8) | 2527 (77.3) | 4739 (77.8) | |
| Race/Ethnicity | 5.40 (0.494) | ||||
| White | 2314 (22.9) | 98 (13.5) | 767 (23.5) | 1450 (23.8) | |
| Black | 4813 (47.7) | 418 (57.7) | 1584 (48.5) | 2812 (46.1) | |
| Hispanic | 2767 (27.4) | 185 (25.6) | 853 (26.0) | 1730 (28.4) | |
| Other | 197 (2.0) | 23 (3.2) | 65 (2.0) | 110 (1.8) | |
| Born in foreign country | 0.82 (0.664) | ||||
| Yes | 2258 (22.4) | 592 (82.8) | 2530 (77.4) | 4712 (77.2) | |
| No | 7833 (77.6) | 132 (18.2) | 738 (22.6) | 1390 (22.8) | |
| English-speaking ability | 0.52 (0.771) | ||||
| Well | 3126 (90.2) | 186 (91.2) | 1056 (91.6) | 1884 (89.4) | |
| Not well | 338 (9.8) | 18 (8.8) | 97 (8.4) | 224 (10.6) | |
| Gender | 6.07 (0.194) | ||||
| Male | 7161 (71.0) | 475 (65.6) | 2248 (68.8) | 4438 (72.7) | |
| Female | 2735 (27.1) | 210 (29.0) | 949 (29.0) | 1577 (25.8) | |
| Transgender | 196 (1.9) | 39 (5.4) | 71 (2.2) | 87 (1.5) | |
| Homeless | 16.91 (0.0002)*** | ||||
| Yes | 786 (7.8) | 586 (80.9) | 2961 (90.6) | 5761 (94.4) | |
| No | 9307 (92.2) | 138 (19.1) | 307 (9.4) | 342 (5.6) | |
| Jail detention | 10.64 (0.005)** | ||||
| Yes | 564 (5.6) | 626 (86.6) | 3061 (93.7) | 5841 (95.7) | |
| No | 9528 (94.4) | 97 (13.4) | 206 (6.3) | 262 (4.3) | |
| Continuous insuranceb | 12.19 (0.016)* | ||||
| Had continuous insurance | 5744 (57.0) | 306 (42.3) | 1989 (60.9) | 3449 (56.7) | |
| Lapsed insurance | 1821 (5.4) | 85 (11.7) | 188 (5.8) | 270 (4.4) | |
| No insurance | 3789 (37.6) | 333 (46.0) | 1091 (33.4) | 2366 (38.9) | |
| Yearly income | 8.32 (0.081) | ||||
| $0–19,999 | 7125 (71.9) | 522 (73.3) | 2183 (68.1) | 4421 (73.7) | |
| $20,000–39,999 | 1821 (18.4) | 165 (23.2) | 615 (19.2) | 1043 (17.4) | |
| ≥$40,000 | 963 (9.7) | 25 (3.5) | 407 (12.7) | 532 (8.9) | |
| Poverty levelc | 0.17 (0.921) | ||||
| Above poverty level | 4818 (48.6) | 330 (46.4) | 1583 (49.4) | 2905 (48.4) | |
| At or below poverty level | 5091 (51.4) | 381 (53.6) | 1622 (50.6) | 3091 (51.6) | |
| Smoking status | 2.65 (0.618) | ||||
| Never smoker | 5120 (50.8) | 306 (42.3) | 1668 (51.0) | 3146 (51.7) | |
| Former smoker | 1804 (17.9) | 170 (23.5) | 574 (17.6) | 1061 (17.4) | |
| Current smoker | 3150 (31.1) | 247 (34.2) | 1026 (31.4) | 1878 (30.9) | |
| Heavy drinking P30D | 5.46 (0.065) | ||||
| Yes | 492 (4.9) | 649 (89.8) | 3077 (94.4) | 5854 (96.1) | |
| No | 9580 (95.1) | 74 (10.2) | 184 (5.6) | 235 (3.9) | |
| Any injection/non-injection drug use | 18.30 (<0.0001)**** | ||||
| Yes | 1461 (15.5) | 512 (10.7) | 2707 (82.9) | 5404 (88.7) | |
| No | 8623 (85.5) | 212 (29.3) | 560 (17.1) | 690 (11.3) | |
| Depressiond | 23.62 (<0.0001)**** | ||||
| No depression | 8090 (80.9) | 443 (61.2) | 2550 (79.1) | 5098 (84.1) | |
| Other depression | 1304 (13.0) | 168 (23.2) | 446 (13.8) | 692 (11.4) | |
| Major depression | 6210 (6.1) | 113 (15.6) | 227 (7.0) | 272 (4.5) | |
| Disability | 2.61 (0.271) | ||||
| Yes | 1546 (45.0) | 94 (46.1) | 583 (50.9) | 1213 (58.1) | |
| No | 1889 (55.0) | 110 (53.9) | 563 (49.1) | 875 (41.9) | |
Notes: aχ2 value based on the Rao–Scott modified statistic, which provides for a design-based goodness-of-fit test using survey weights. bExcluding Ryan White. cBased on yearly income and number of household dependents. dBased on Kroenke and Spitzer’s (2002) algorithm. Significance Level: *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001; ****p<0.0001.
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; PLWH, people living with HIV; P30D, past 30 days.