Table 5.
Adjusted Odds Ratios (aOR) of Complete Combined ART Adherence Among PLWH Receiving Medical Care in Houston/Harris County, Texas
| Predictor | Totala, aOR (95% CI) (N=9041) | Duration of HIV+ Diagnosis, aOR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <5 Yearsb (n=2322) | 5–10 Yearsc (n=1943) | >10 Yearsd (n=4777) | ||
| HIV infection, years | ||||
| >10 (Referent) | 1.00 | —– | —– | —– |
| 5–10 | 1.71 (1.13–2.57)* | —– | —– | —– |
| <5 | 1.69 (1.10–2.59)* | —– | —– | —– |
| Age group, years | ||||
| 18–29 (Referent) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 30–39 | 1.07 (0.61–1.88) | 1.47 (0.65–3.31) | 1.29 (0.40–4.23) | 0.30 (0.04–2.18) |
| 40–49 | 1.57 (0.89–2.77) | 2.67 (0.98–7.29) | 1.34 (0.39–4.63) | 0.55 (0.08–3.57) |
| ≥50 | 1.95 (1.07–3.58)* | 2.00 (0.72–5.50) | 2.44 (0.65–9.14) | 0.66 (0.10–4.34) |
| Jail detention | ||||
| Yes (Referent) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| No | 1.59 (0.89–2.85) | 4.51 (1.27–16.05)* | 0.58 (0.15–2.29) | 1.38 (0.60–3.13) |
| Heavy drinking P30D | ||||
| Yes (Referent) | 1.00 | —– | —– | 1.00 |
| No | 1.68 (0.83–3.42) | —– | —– | 3.32 (1.01–11.00)* |
| Any injection/non-injection drug use | ||||
| Yes (Referent) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| No | 1.67 (1.11–2.52)* | 1.41 (0.59–3.36) | 2.32 (0.77–6.95) | 1.66 (0.93–2.97) |
| Depression | ||||
| Major depression (Referent) | 1.00 | —– | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Other depression | 1.12 (0.56–2.23) | —– | 6.32 (1.50–26.68)* | 0.51 (0.18–1.41) |
| No depression | 1.52 (0.81–2.85) | —– | 10.30 (2.63–40.37)*** | 0.72 (0.29–1.81) |
| Able to take all or most of medication as directed | ||||
| Not sure (Referent) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Sure | 5.74 (2.90–11.35)*** | 5.28 (1.29–21.67)* | 2.48 (0.42–14.81) | 8.88 (3.54–22.28)**** |
| Belief if not taking medication as directed, HIV will become resistant to medications | ||||
| Not at all sure (Referent) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Somewhat sure | 0.84 (0.37–1.89) | 0.35 (0.08–1.61) | 1.66 (0.27–10.19) | 1.14 (0.33–3.93) |
| Very sure | 1.40 (0.68–2.87) | 0.82 (0.22–3.06) | 7.34 (1.29–41.83)* | 1.54 (0.50–4.78) |
| Have friends or family members help remember to take medications | ||||
| A lot (Referent) | 1.00 | 1.00 | —– | 1.00 |
| Somewhat | 0.71 (0.47–1.09) | 0.37 (0.15–0.88)* | —– | 1.09 (0.67–1.77) |
| Not at all | 1.00 (0.70–1.41) | 0.80 (0.36–1.77) | —– | 0.79 (0.43–1.44) |
| Ever had a vaccine for HPV | ||||
| No (Referent) | —– | 1.00 | —– | 1.00 |
| Yes | —– | 3.23 (1.03–10.08)* | —– | 0.73 (0.40–1.34) |
| Medical care P6M | ||||
| No care (Referent) | —– | 1.00 | 1.00 | —– |
| Care | —– | 0.51 (0.14–1.88) | 0.18 (0.04–0.82)* | —– |
| Number of CD4/viral load tests | ||||
| <3 tests (Referent) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| ≥3 tests | 1.44 (1.08–1.91)* | 1.25 (0.64–2.45) | 2.11 (0.92–4.84) | 1.41 (0.95–2.09) |
Notes: aAdjusted for gender, continuous insurance, yearly income, at least one unmet need, receive free condoms, and viral loads. bAdjusted for gender, continuous insurance, receive free condoms, yearly income, and homeless. cAdjusted for gender, receive free condoms, yearly income, at least one unmet need, viral loads, and homeless. dAdjusted for gender, homeless, yearly income, continuous insurance, and at least one unmet need. Significance Level: *p<0.05; ***p<0.001; ****p<0.0001.
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; PLWH, people living with HIV; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HPV, human papillomavirus; CD4, cluster of differentiation 4; CI, confidence interval; P30D, past 30 days; P6M, past 6 months.