Table 3.
Results of Age-Stratified Negative Binomial Regression Analyses for Length of Stay of COVID-19 Patients
| Negative Binomial Regression Model for Length of Stay a | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20–39 Years (n=2629) | 40–64 Years (n=3165) | ≥ 65 Years (n=1365) | |||||||
| Estimates | SE | p-value | Estimates | SE | p-value | Estimates | SE | p-value | |
| Sex (reference = male) | |||||||||
| Female | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.943 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.085 | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.003 |
| Healthcare coverage (reference = medical aid) | |||||||||
| Health insurance | −0.04 | 0.07 | 0.536 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.005 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.146 |
| Provider region (reference = others) | |||||||||
| Daegu | −0.08 | 0.03 | 0.003 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.343 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.996 |
| Gyeongsangbok-do | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.023 | −0.03 | 0.03 | 0.318 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.413 |
| Cancer (reference = no) | |||||||||
| Yes | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.659 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.863 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.077 |
| COPD (reference = no) | |||||||||
| Yes | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.982 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.741 | −0.04 | 0.06 | 0.462 |
| Ischemic heart disease (reference = no) | |||||||||
| Yes | 0.15 | 0.19 | 0.423 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.437 | −0.02 | 0.06 | 0.789 |
| Hypertension (reference = no) | |||||||||
| Yes | −0.01 | 0.14 | 0.920 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.848 | −0.04 | 0.04 | 0.331 |
| Diabetes (reference = no) | |||||||||
| Yes | −0.14 | 0.14 | 0.314 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.114 | −0.08 | 0.05 | 0.089 |
| ICU admission (reference = no) | |||||||||
| Yes | 0.16 | 0.04 | <0.001 | 0.22 | 0.04 | <0.001 | 0.29 | 0.05 | <0.001 |
| Chest CT (reference = no) | |||||||||
| Yes | 0.23 | 0.03 | <0.001 | 0.17 | 0.02 | <0.001 | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.003 |
| ACEI use (reference = no) | |||||||||
| Yes | - | - | - | −0.32 | 0.23 | 0.163 | 0.08 | 0.16 | 0.611 |
| ARB use (reference = no) | |||||||||
| Yes | 0.11 | 0.18 | 0.518 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.217 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.212 |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir use (reference = no) | |||||||||
| Yes | 0.26 | 0.03 | <0.001 | 0.33 | 0.02 | <0.001 | 0.23 | 0.04 | <0.001 |
| HCQ use (reference = no) | |||||||||
| Yes | 0.19 | 0.03 | <0.001 | 0.25 | 0.03 | <0.001 | 0.30 | 0.04 | <0.001 |
Note: aMultivariate negative binomial regression model including mechanical ventilator application and interferon use.
Abbreviations: SE, standard error; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICU, intensive care unit; CT, computed tomography; ACEI, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine.