Table 3.
Prevalence Estimates of Undiagnosed Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Measured by Fasting Plasma Glucose, Glycated Hemoglobin A1c, and 2-Hour Plasma Glucose During 75-g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test According to Sex, Age, and Body Mass Index
| FPG: ≥ 7.0 mmol/L | HbA1c: ≥ 6.5% | 2-h PG OGTT: ≥ 11.1 mmol/L | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Undiagnosed T2DM, % (n/Total) | aPR* (95% CI) | Undiagnosed T2DM, % (n/Total) | aPR* (95% CI) | Undiagnosed T2DM, % (n/Total) | aPR* (95% CI) | |
| Total population | 6.9 (85/1228) | – | 4.9 (56/1144) | – | 11.0 (17/155) | – |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 7.2 (44/614) | 1.00 (Reference) | 6.3 (35/560) | 1.00 (Reference) | 12.4 (11/89) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Female | 6.7 (41/614) | 0.88 (0.61–1.26) | 3.6 (21/584) | 0.43 (0.27–0.69) | 9.1 (6/66) | 0.68 (0.27–1.71) |
| P-value† | 0.717 | – | 0.018 | – | 0.432 | – |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| ≤34 | 0.7 (2/306) | 1.00 (Reference) | 0.7 (2/279) | 1.00 (Reference) | 7.5 (3/40) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| 35–44 | 3.0 (10/337) | 4.35 (0.96–19.73) | 2.2 (7/318) | 3.24 (0.70–15.07) | 7.7 (4/52) | 0.91 (0.23–3.57) |
| 45–54 | 11.8 (45/381) | 17.61 (4.30–72.04) | 7.5 (26/348) | 13.47 (3.28–55.35) | 14.9 (7/47) | 2.51 (0.78–8.10) |
| ≥55 | 13.7 (28/204) | 24.11 (5.82–99.91) | 10.6 (21/199) | 19.67 (4.75–81.58) | 18.8 (3/16) | 3.04 (0.84–11.00) |
| P-value† | < 0.001 | – | < 0.001 | – | 0.065 | – |
| BMI | ||||||
| Under/normal weight‡ | 2.1 (5/234) | 1.00 (Reference) | 0.9 (2/218) | 1.00 (Reference) | 3.6 (1/28) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Overweight | 6.3 (34/538) | 1.97 (0.79–4.88) | 2.8 (14/508) | 2.38 (0.56–10.06) | 13.6 (9/66) | 2.91 (0.41–20.53) |
| Obese | 10.1 (46/456) | 3.28 (1.33–8.08) | 9.6 (40/418) | 8.09 (2.00–32.73) | 11.5 (7/61) | 3.76 (0.45–29.23) |
| P-value† | < 0.001 | – | < 0.001 | – | 0.207 | – |
Notes: †Calculated using chi-squared tests; Fisher’s exact test was used to calculate p-values when the cell counts were <5; ‡the underweight group (body mass index <18.5) was combined with the normal weight group (body mass index between 18.5% and 24.9%), because only 18 (1.5%) study participants were classified as underweight; *Adjusted for all variables shown in Table.
Abbreviations: T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1; PG, plasma glucose; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; aPR, adjusted prevalence ratio; CI, confidence interval.