Table 1.

Study characteristics

Study	Psychopathology	Design	N	Age	Conditions	ER measure	Quality rating
Slee et al. (2008)—The Netherlands	BPD	RCT	82	24.2	CBT − TAU	DERS	Strong
Schuppert et al. (2012)—The Netherlands	BPD	RCT	109	15.98	ERT − TAU	LPI subscale—emotion dysregulation	Strong
Suveg et al. (2017)—USA	AD	RCT	92	8.93	ECBT − CBT	ERC	Moderate
Dingle et al. (2017)—Australia	AD, MD	RCT	51	18.68	ERP − WL	DERS	Moderate
Hides et al. (2011)—Australia	MD, SUB	RCT	88	19.2	CBT + MI – TAU	CISS	Weak
Atkinson et al. (2016)—Australia	ED	RCT	33	20.57	MF − WL Dissociationa	FFMQ	Weak
Azrin et al. (2001)—USA	CD, SUB	RCT	56	15.4	CPS − FBT	SPSI-R	Moderate
Stasiak et al. (2014)—New Zealand	MD	RCT (pilot)	34	15.2	cCBT − TAU	ACS-PS	Moderate
Jacobs et al. (2016)	MD	RCT	33	15.5	RCBT − WL	RRS	Strong
Livheim et al. (2015)—Australia	MD	QRCT	51	14.6	ACT − TAU	AFQ	Strong
1Livheim et al. (2015)—Sweden	MD	RCT	32	14.5	ACT − TAU	AFQ, MAAS	Weak
Kaufman et al. (2005)—USA	MD, CD	RCT	93	15.1	CBT − LS	IC-PS	Strong
Hennesdottir et al. (2017)—Iceland	ADHD	RCT (pilot)	30	9.2	CBT − WL Parent traininga	ERC	Strong
Meisner-Stedman et al. (2017)	AD	RCT	29	24.56	CTPTSD − WL	Rumination items	Strong
1Essau et al. (2012)—Germany	AD	CRCT	638	10.91	CBT − WL	CSCY-PS	Moderate
Latimer et al. (2003)—USA	SUB	RCT (pilot)	43	16.07	CBT − DHPE	SPSI	Moderate
Winters et al. (2012)	SUB	QRCT	192	16.13	MI-A −  WL MI-Pa	PSQ	Moderate
Smith et al. (2015)	MD	RCT	109	13–16	cCBT − WL	CRSQ	Strong
Fitzpatrick et al. (2005)—USA	MD	RCT	94	19.02	PS − Health Education	SPSI-R	Moderate
Multi-treatment trials entered with split groups
Hancock et al. (2016)—Australia	AD	RCT	99	13.8	ACT − WL	AFQ	Strong
	AD	RCT	94	13.8	CBT − WL	AFQ	Strong
Afshari et al. (2014)—Iran	AD	RCT	77	10.57	ERT− WL	CERQ, CEMS	Weak
	AD	RCT	55	10.57	CBT− WL	CERQ, CEMS	Weak

BPD borderline personality disorder, AD anxiety disorder, MD major depression, SUB substance abuse, ED eating disorder, CD conduct disorder, ADHD attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, RCT randomized control trial, QRCT quasi-randomized control trial, CBT cognitive behavioural therapy, TAU treatment as usual, ERT emotion regulation training, ECBT emotion-focussed CBT, ERP emotion regulation program, WL waitlist, MI motivational interviewing, MF mindfulness, CPS cognitive problem solving, FBT family behavioural therapy, cCBT computerized CBT, RCBT rumination focussed CBT, ACT acceptance and commitment therapy, LS life skills, CT-PTSD cognitive therapy for PTSD, DGPE drugs harm psychoeducation curriculum, MIA motivation interviewing adolescence, MI-P motivation interviewing parents, PS problem solving, DERS difficulties with emotion regulation scale, LPI life problems inventory, ERC emotion regulation checklist, CISS coping inventory for stressful situations, FFMQ five factor mindfulness questionnaire, SPSI-R social problem solving inventory-revised, ACS-PS adolescent coping scale-problem solving, RRS ruminative response scale, AFQ avoidance and fusion questionnaire, MAAS mindful attention awareness scale, IC-PS issues checklist-problem solving, CSCY coping scale for children and youth, PSQ problem solving questionnaire, CRSQ child response style questionnaire, CERQ cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire, CEMS children’s emotion management scale

^aCondition was part of multi-treatment trial and was excluded from meta-analysis ¹outlier study removed from main analysis