Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cogn Behav Ther. 2021 Mar 31;50(3):246–260. doi: 10.1080/16506073.2021.1879241

Table 4.

Structural equation model examining the longitudinal associations between COVID worry, COVID safety behaviors, and insomnia

M3 Insomnia Severity M3 Stockpiling behaviors M3 Avoidance behaviors
Baseline Variables β SE β SE β SE
Stockpiling behavior −.06 .06 .72*** .06 −.04 .08
Cleanliness behavior −.06 .06 −.08 .09 .28** .09
Avoidance behavior −.04 .05 −.003 .08 .44*** .08
COVID worry .10 .12 .24* .11 .16 .11
Insomnia symptoms .70*** .70 −.08 .06 .03 .09
Depression symptoms .08 .07 .05 .08 −.06 .10
Sex (Female = 1) .06 .04 −.01 .04 .02 .05
Race (White = 1) −.03 .04 .05 .04 .09 .06
Age −.06 .04 .01 .04 .01 .05
Stay at home status −.02 .04 −.02 .04 .02 .05

Note. All associations were entered simultaneously in a single structural equation model. M3 = 3 month follow up.

*

= p < .05

**

= p < .01

***

= p < .001.