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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Cardiol. 2021 Jan 26;18(6):389–399. doi: 10.1038/s41569-020-00499-9

Fig. 3 |. Factors that influence cardiac uptake of therapeutic agents.

Fig. 3 |

Several factors influence the cardiac uptake of therapeutic agents including the type, dose and modification of the vector. Modifications include conjugation, coating and encapsulation (BOX 1). The delivery route should be selected on the basis of the therapeutic agent (epicardial intramyocardial injection, endocardial intramyocardial injection, antegrade intracoronary administration and pericardial administration are shown). For intracoronary administration, delivery pressure, delivery flow, capillary permeability and venous drainage influence the transduction efficacy. Venous drainage also influences direct injections. Neutralizing antibodies can reduce the effective titre of some classes of vector.