Table 3:
Summary of features in animal models of preeclampsia during pregnancy
| Model | Animal | Features | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| RUPP | Rat | ↑MAP, ↑proteinuria, ↑sFlt-1, ↑sEng, ↓PlGF, ↓VEGF, ↑ROS, ↑AT1-AA, ↑TNF-α, ↑Tregs, ↑NK cells, ↑ET-1, ↓NO, ↓RPF, ↓GFR, ↑cardiac dysfunction, ↑cardaic hypertrophy, ↓CBF, ↑cerebral edema, ↑BBB permeability, ↓placental weight, ↑FGR | 1,12,17-24,27-31,36,37,44,46 |
| Uteroplacental ischemia | Non-human primate | ↑MAP, ↑proteinuria, ↑sFlt-1, | 48,49 |
| Ad-sFlt-1-infusion | Rat | ↑MAP, ↑proteinuria, ↑glomerular endotheliosis | 53 |
| sFlt-1-infusion | Rat | ↑MAP, ↑proteinuria, ↑prepro-ET-1, ↑ROS, ↓placental weight, ↑FGR | 55 |
| T regulatory cell depletion | Mouse | ↔MAP, ↑pro-inflammatory markers, ↑UARI, ↑fetal loss | 80 |
| AT-AA-infusion | Rat | ↑MAP, ↑NK cells, ↑sFlt-1, ↑sEng, ↑prepro-ET-1, ↑AT1-AA | 71,73,77 |
| TNF-α-infusion | Rat | ↑MAP, ↑prepro-ET-1, ↓NOS, ↑AT1-AA, ↓CBF | 87,90,91 |
| L-NAME-infusion | Rat | ↑MAP, ↑proteinuria, ↑sFlt-1, ↓placental weight, ↑FGR | 100 |
| pcEV infusion | Mouse | ↑MAP, ↑proteinuria, ↑kidney injury, ↓CBF | 94 |
| BPH/5 | Mouse | ↑MAP, ↑proteinuria, ↑endothelial dysfunction, ↑glomerulosclerosis, ↑fetal mortality, ↑UARI, ↔Flt-1, ↓VEGF, ↓PlGF, ↓ impaired cytotrophoblast invasion, ↓placental weight, ↑FGR | 101-103 |
| hAGTxhRen overexpression | Rat | ↑MAP, ↑proteinuria, ↑cardiac hypertrophy | 104,105 |
| STOX1 overexpression | Mouse | ↑systolic pressure, ↑proteinuria, ↑renal capillary swelling, ↑sFlt-1, ↑sEng, ↑cardiac hypertrophy, ↑FGR, ↑renal artery resistance | 111-114 |
| Complement C1q deficiency | Mouse | ↑MAP, ↑proteinuria, ↑endotheliosis, ↑sFlt-1, ↓VEGF, ↑fetal death | 124 |
| Asb4 deletion | Mouse | ↓placental vascularization, ↑MAP, ↑proteinuria, ↓litter size | 116,117 |
| ELABELA deficiency | Mouse | ↓placental vascularization, ↑MAP, ↑proteinuria, ↑FGR | 122 |
| Dahl S rat | Rat | ↑MAP, ↑proteinuria, αsFlt-1, glomerularomegly, ↑UARI, ↑FGR | 125,127 |
| African green monkey | Non-human primate | ↑MAP, ↑FGR | 128,129 |
RUPP, reduced uterine perfusion pressure; sEng, soluble endoglin; PlGF, placental growth factor; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; ROS, reactive oxygen species; AT1-AA, angiotensin II type I receptor autoantibody; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; Tregs, T regulatory cells; NK, natural killer cells; ET-1, endothelin-1; NO, nitric oxide; RPF, renal plasma flow; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; CBF, cerebral blood flow; BBB, blood brain permeability; FGR, fetal growth restriction, hAGT, human angiotensinogen; hREN, human renin; ↑, increased; ↓, decreased; ↔, unchanged.