Table 3.
The biological activities of cembranoid isolates from genera Lobophytum
| Entry | Compound name (number) | Novelty | Sources | Geographical area of collection | Biological activities | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cembrene A (223) | New | Lobophytum sp. | Off the Saudi Arabia Red Sea Coast at Jeddah | Moderate anti-bacterial activity with inhibition zone diameter of 11–15 mm and MIC value of 30 μg/mL. Significant toxicity against A. salina with LD50 value of 25 μg/mL and significant anti-tumor activity against Ehrlich carcinoma cells with LD50 value of 50 μg/mL | [63] |
| 2 | Locrassumin A (224) | New | Lobophytum crassum | Inner coral reef of Meishan, Hainan Province, China | Moderate inhibition against LPS-induced NO production with IC50 value of 17 ± 3 μM | [64] |
| 3 | Locrassumin B (225) | New | Lobophytum crassum | Inner coral reef of Meishan, Hainan Province, China | Compound not tested | [64] |
| 4 | Locrassumin C (226) | New | Lobophytum crassum | Inner coral reef of Meishan, Hainan Province, China | Compound not tested | [64] |
| 5 | Locrassumin D (227) | New | Lobophytum crassum | Inner coral reef of Meishan, Hainan Province, China | Compound not tested | [64] |
| 6 | Locrassumin E (228) | New | Lobophytum crassum | Inner coral reef of Meishan, Hainan Province, China | Compound not tested | [64] |
| 7 | Locrassumin F (229) | New | Lobophytum crassum | Inner coral reef of Meishan, Hainan Province, China | Compound not tested | [64] |
| 8 | Locrassumin G (230) | New | Lobophytum crassum | Inner coral reef of Meishan, Hainan Province, China | Moderate inhibition against LPS-induced NO production with IC50 value of 13 ± 2 μM | [64] |
| 9 | (−)-Laevigatol B (231) | New | Lobophytum crassum | Inner coral reef of Meishan, Hainan Province, China | Compound not tested | [64] |
| 10 | (−)-Isosarcophine (232) | New | Lobophytum crassum | Inner coral reef of Meishan, Hainan Province, China | Compound not tested | [64] |
| 11 | (−)-7R,8S-Dihydroxydeepoxy sarcophytoxide (233) | New | Lobophytum crassum | Inner coral reef of Meishan, Hainan Province, China | Compound not tested | [64] |
| 12 | ent-Sarcophine (234) | Known | Lobophytum crassum | Inner coral reef of Meishan, Hainan Province, China | Moderate inhibition against LPS-induced NO production with IC50 value of 24 ± 2 μM | [64] |
| 13 | Sarcophytonolide O (235) | Known | Lobophytum crassum | Inner coral reef of Meishan, Hainan Province, China | Moderate inhibition against LPS-induced NO production with IC50 value of 8 ± 1 μM | [64] |
| 14 | Ketoemblide (236) | Known | Lobophytum crassum | Inner coral reef of Meishan, Hainan Province, China | Moderate inhibition against LPS-induced NO production with IC50 value of 12 ± 2 μM | [64] |
| 15 | Lobophylin F (237) | New | Lobophytum crassum | Off the coast of Dongsha Atoll | Compound not tested | [65] |
| 16 | Lobophylin G (238) | New | Lobophytum crassum | Off the coast of Dongsha Atoll | Compound not tested | [65] |
| 17 | Lobophylin H (239) | New | Lobophytum crassum | Off the coast of Dongsha Atoll | Compound not tested | [65] |
| 18 | Compound 1 (240) | New | Lobophytum sp. | Coast of Irabu Island, Okinawa, Japan | Weak anti-bacterial activity with 10 mm inhibiton zone against S. aureus and E. coli at 25 μg/disc. Mild cytotoxicity against HCT116 with IC50 value of 135.37 μM. Anti-inflammatory activity through reducing NO production with IC50 value of 41.21 μM | [66] |
| 19 | Compound 2 (241) | New | Lobophytum sp. | Coast of Irabu Island, Okinawa, Japan | Weak anti-bacterial activity with 9 mm inhibiton zone against S. aureus and 10 mm against E. coli at 25 μg/disc. Mild cytotoxicity against HCT116 with IC50 value of 177.11 μM. Anti-inflammatory activity through reducing NO production with IC50 value of 64.96 μM | [66] |
| 20 | Compound 3 (242) | New | Lobophytum sp. | Coast of Irabu Island, Okinawa, Japan | Weak anti-bacterial activity with 9 mm inhibiton zone against S. aureus and 10 mm against E. coli at 25 μg/disc. Mild cytotoxicity against HCT116 with IC50 value of 153.11 μM. Anti-inflammatory activity through reducing NO production with IC50 value of 74.76 μM | [66] |
| 21 | Grandilobatin B (243) | Known | Lobophytum sp. | Coast of Irabu Island, Okinawa, Japan | Anti-bacterial activity with 10 mm inhibiton zone against S. aureus and 12 mm against E. coli at 25 μg/disc | [66] |
| 22 | Sinugibberol (244) | Known | Lobophytum sp. | Coast of Irabu Island, Okinawa, Japan | Anti-bacterial activity with 10 mm inhibiton zone against S. aureus and 15 mm against E. coli at 25 μg/disc | [66] |
| 23 | Lobophyolide A (245) | New | Lobophytum crassum | Off the coast of Pingtung, Taiwan | Potent anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of LPS induced IL-12 release by DC 93.4 ± 0.5% and inhibition of LPS induced NO release by DC 93.5 ± 6.5% DC survival 76.0 ± 0.01% | [11] |
| 24 | Lobophyolide B (246) | New | Lobophytum crassum | Off the coast of Pingtung, Taiwan | Anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of LPS induced IL-12 release by DC 93.6 ± 0.0% and inhibition of LPS induced NO release by DC 95.9 ± 3.2% DC survival 52.0 ± 0.04% | [11] |
| 25 | 16-Methoxycarbonyl cembrene A (247) | Known | Lobophytum crassum | Off the coast of Pingtung, Taiwan | Anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of LPS induced IL-12 release by DC 86.3 ± 1.1% and inhibition of LPS induced NO release by DC 86.1 ± 2.2% DC survival 75.0 ± 0.01% | [11] |
| 26 | Sinarone (248) | Known | Lobophytum crassum | Off the coast of Pingtung, Taiwan | Potent anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of LPS induced IL-12 release by DC 77.0 ± 1.5% and inhibition of LPS induced NO release by DC 54.9 ± 0.50% DC survival 85.0 ± 0.08% | [11] |
| 27 | Sinaluriol D (249) | Known | Lobophytum crassum | Off the coast of Pingtung, Taiwan | Potent anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of LPS induced IL-12 release by DC 86.4 ± 0.0% and inhibition of LPS induced NO release by DC 86.1 ± 3.0% DC survival 85.0 ± 5.00% | [11] |
| 28 | Culobophylin D (250) | New | Lobophytum crassum | Collected from the coast of Pingtung, Taiwan, then were preserved and aquacultured in National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium (Pingtung, Taiwan) | Inactive at cytotoxicity test against leukemia cell lines (Molt 4, K562, U937, and Sup-T1) | [67] |
| 29 | Culobophylin E (251) | New | Lobophytum crassum | Collected from the coast of Pingtung, Taiwan, then were preserved and aquacultured in National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium (Pingtung, Taiwan) | Compound not tested | [67] |
| 30 | Lobocrassin C (252) | Known | Lobophytum crassum | Collected from the coast of Pingtung, Taiwan, then were preserved and aquacultured in National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium (Pingtung, Taiwan) | Anti-proliferation activity against Sup-T1 cell line with IC50 of 35.8 μM | [67] |
| 31 | Lobophylin (253) | Known | Lobophytum crassum | Collected from the coast of Pingtung, Taiwan, then were preserved and aquacultured in National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium (Pingtung, Taiwan) | Anti-proliferation activity against K562, Molt 4, Sup-T1 with IC50 values of 16.3, 12.3, and 4.6 μM, respectively | [67] |
| 32 | Crassocolide E (254) | Known | Lobophytum crassum | Collected from the coast of Pingtung, Taiwan, then were preserved and aquacultured in National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium (Pingtung, Taiwan) | Anti-proliferation activity against K562, Molt 4, U937, and Sup-T1 with IC50 values of 11.3, 6.2, 15.8, and 5.2 μM, respectively | [67] |
| 33 | Sarcocrassocolide (255) | Known | Lobophytum crassum | Collected from the coast of Pingtung, Taiwan, then were preserved and aquacultured in National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium (Pingtung, Taiwan) | Antiproliferation activity against K562, Molt 4, U937, and Sup-T1 with IC50 values of 18.1, 8.4, 4.4, and 8.3 μM, respectively | [67] |
| 34 | Known | Lobophytum crassum | Collected from the coast of Pingtung, Taiwan, then were preserved and aquacultured in National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium (Pingtung, Taiwan) | Anti-proliferation activity against K562, Molt 4, U937, and Sup-T1 with IC50 values of 3.3, 1.2, 7.1, and 1.5 μM, respectively | [53] | |
| 35 | 13-Acetoxysarcocrassocolide (256) | Lobophytum crassum | Collected from the coast of Pingtung, Taiwan, then were preserved and aquacultured in National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium (Pingtung, Taiwan) | Exerted its cytotoxic activity in oral cancer cells Ca9-22 through the promotion of ROS generation and the suppression of the anti-oxidant enzyme activity. The apoptotic effect was found to be mediated through the interruption of the Keap1/Nrf2/p62/SQSTM1 pathway. It increased the expression of apoptosis- and DNA damage-related proteins in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. It exerted potent anti-tumor effect against oral cancer cells, as demonstrated by the in vivo xenograft animal model. It significantly reduced the tumor volume (55.29%) and tumor weight (90.33%) | [54] | |
| 36 | Sarocrassocolide M (257) | Known | Lobophytum crassum | Collected from the coast of Pingtung, Taiwan, then were preserved and aquacultured in National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium (Pingtung, Taiwan) | Anti-proliferation activity against K562, Molt 4, U937, and Sup-T1 with IC50 values of 15.3, 11.6, 32.0, and 10.2 μM, respectively | [67] |
| 37 | (R)-14-deoxycrassin (258) | Known | Lobophytum crassum | Collected from the coast of Pingtung, Taiwan, then were preserved and aquacultured in National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium (Pingtung, Taiwan) | Anti-proliferation activity against K562, Molt 4, U937, and Sup-T1 with IC50 values of 4.5, 2.9, 7.0, and 4.5 μM, respectively | [67] |
| 38 | Lobocrassin B (259) | Known | Lobophytum crassum | Collected from the coast of Pingtung, Taiwan, then were preserved and aquacultured in National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium (Pingtung, Taiwan) | Anti-proliferation activity against K562, Molt 4, U937, Sup-T1 with IC50 values of 3.3, 2.3, 5.2, and 6.2 μM, respectively | [67] |
| 39 | Sarcocrassocolide F (260) | Known | Lobophytum crassum | Collected from the coast of Pingtung, Taiwan, then were preserved and aquacultured in National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium (Pingtung, Taiwan) | Anti-proliferation activity against K562, Molt 4, U937, and Sup-T1 with IC50 values of 12.3, 4.8, 10.9, 6.1 μM, respectively | [67] |
| 40 | Sarcocrassocolide G (261) | Known | Lobophytum crassum | Collected from the coast of Pingtung, Taiwan, then were preserved and aquacultured in National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium (Pingtung, Taiwan) | Anti-proliferation activity against K562, Molt 4, U937, and Sup-T1 with IC50 values of 13.0, 7.0, 23.3, 6.6 μM, respectively | [67] |
| 41 | Compound 4 (262) | New | Lobophytum sp. | Coast of Irabu Island, Okinawa, Japan | Moderate anti-proliferation activity against HeLa, A459, B16-F10, and RAW 264.7 cells with IC50 of 7.81, 9.30, 10.83, and 5.99 μM, respectively. Anti-inflammatory effect through suppression of NO production in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 of 10.67 µM (at 24 h) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells at non-cytotoxic concentrations | [69] |
| 42 | Compound 5 (263) | New | Lobophytum sp. | Coast of Irabu Island, Okinawa, Japan | Low anti-proliferation activity against HeLa, A459, and RAW 264.7 cells with IC50 of 49.33, 54.09, and 43.74 μM, respectively. Anti-inflammatory effect through suppression of NO production in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 of 13.92 µM (at 24 h) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells at non-cytotoxic concentrations | [69] |
| 43 | Compound 6 (264) | New | Lobophytum sp. | Coast of Irabu Island, Okinawa, Japan | Low anti-proliferation activity against RAW 264.7 cells with IC50 of 45.22. Anti-inflammatory effect through suppression of NO production in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 of 14.02 µM (at 24 h) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells at non-cytotoxic concentrations | [69] |
| 44 | Lobophytrol A (265) | New | Lobophytum sp. | Off the coast of Weizhou Island, Guangxi Autonomous Region, China | Showed no effects on anti-inflammatory and immunological activity assay | [70] |
| 45 | Lobophytrol B (266) | New | Lobophytum sp. | Off the coast of Weizhou Island, Guangxi Autonomous Region, China | Showed no effects on anti-inflammatory and immunological activity assay | [70] |
| 46 | Lobophytrol C (267) | New | Lobophytum sp. | Off the coast of Weizhou Island, Guangxi Autonomous Region, China | Showed no effects on anti-inflammatory and immunological activity assay | [70] |
| 47 | Lobophytolin A (268) | New | Lobophytum sp. | Off the coast of Xisha Islands, Hainan Province | Inactive at a concentration of 10 µM, on the HT-29, Capan-1, A549, and SNU-398 tumor cell lines (showed IC50 > 50 µM) | [71] |
| 48 | Lobophytolin B (269) | New | Lobophytum sp. | Off the coast of Xisha Islands, Hainan Province | Inactive at a concentration of 10 µM, on the HT-29, Capan-1, A549, and SNU-398 tumor cell lines (IC50 values ranging from 30 to 40 µM) | [71] |
| 49 | Lobophytolin C (270) | New | Lobophytum sp. | Xisha Island, Hainan, China | Moderate cytotoxicity against SNU-398 with IC50 value of 42.54 ± 6.26 μM; weak inhibitory effect of XBP-Splicing on B16-F10 tumor cells at 10 μM | [72] |
| 50 | Lobophytolin D (271) | New | Lobophytum sp. | Xisha Island, Hainan, China | Cytotoxic against HT-29, Capan-1, A549, and SNU-398 with IC50 values of 4.52 ± 0.82; 6.62 ± 4.02; 5.17 ± 0.86; 6.15 ± 2.28 μM, respectively; weak inhibitory effect of XBP-Splicing on B16-F10 tumor cells at 10 μM | [72] |
| 51 | Lobophytolin E (272) | New | Lobophytum sp. | Xisha Island, Hainan, China | Not cytotoxic against HT-29, Capan-1, A549, and SNU-398; weak inhibitory effect of XBP-Splicing on B16-F10 tumor cells at 10 μM | [72] |
| 52 | Lobophytolin F (273) | New | Lobophytum sp. | Xisha Island, Hainan, China | Not cytotoxic against HT-29, Capan-1, A549, and SNU-398; weak inhibitory effect of XBP-Splicing on B16-F10 tumor cells at 10 μM | [72] |
| 53 | Lobophytolin G (274) | New | Lobophytum sp. | Xisha Island, Hainan, China | Not cytotoxic against HT-29, Capan-1, A549, and SNU-398; weak inhibitory effect of XBP-Splicing on B16-F10 tumor cells at 10 μM | [72] |
| 54 | Lobophytolin H (275) | New | Lobophytum sp. | Xisha Island, Hainan, China | Not cytotoxic against HT-29, Capan-1, A549, and SNU-398; weak inhibitory effect of XBP-Splicing on B16-F10 tumor cells at 10 μM | [72] |
| 55 | Lobophytolin I (276) | New | Lobophytum sp. | Xisha Island, Hainan, China | Not cytotoxic against HT-29, Capan-1, A549, and SNU-398; weak inhibitory effect of XBP-Splicing on B16-F10 tumor cells at 10 μM | [72] |