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. 2021 May 22;22:473. doi: 10.1186/s12891-021-04329-y

Table 3.

Multivariable models for factors related to low attendance

Model I (n = 1730)
OR (95% CI)
Model II (n = 1730)
OR (95% CI)
Discrimination, AUC (95% CI) 0.77 (0.74–0.79) 0.76 (0.74–0.79)
Sex, % female 0.94 (0.7–1.3)
Age quartiles
 < 50 reference 0.62 (0.46–0.85)
 50–59 1.60 (1.11–2.30) a
 60–67 1.51 (1.04–2.18)
 68–88 1.61 (1.07–2.42)
Education
 No qualifying training reference
 Vocational education 1.02 (0.69–1.51)
 Higher education (>  3 years) 1.10 (0.83–1.47)
 Other 1.08 (0.57–2.05)
Work
 Ordinary work, < 37 h reference reference
 Ordinary work, full time 0.92 (0.65–1.31) 0.92 (0.66–1.30)
 Ordinary work, > 37 h 1.19 (0.83–1.69) 1.22 (0.88–1.69)
 Rehabilitation/Flex job, < 37 h 0.79 (0.51–1.24) 0.76 (0.49–1.17)
 Student/trainee/other 1.46 (0.87–2.46) 1.46 (0.88–2.43)
Co-morbid pain sites
 None reference 1.24 (0.89–1.72)
 1–3 1.67 (0.75–3.70) a
 4+ 1.45 (0.64–3.30)
Co-morbid disease
 None reference 0.61 (0.28–1.34)
 1–2 0.82 (0.58–1.15) a
 3+ 0.74 (0.49–1.11)
Duration of current LBP
 < 4 weeks reference 0.67 (0.40–1.12)
 4–12 weeks 1.79 (0.97–3.28) a
 3–12 months 1.43 (0.81–2.53)
 > 12 months 1.55 (0.91–2.64)
LBP intensity quartile
 0–4 reference a
 4.3–6 1.00 (0.72–1.39)
 6.5–7 0.99 (0.67–1.48)
 7.2–10 1.23 (0.82–1.85) 1.18 (0.85–1.64)
Leg pain present 1.29 (0.95–1.77) 1.26 (0.93–1.70)
Start Back Screening Tool
 Low risk reference reference
 Medium risk 1.25 (0.88–1.80) 1.18 (0.85–1.65)
 High risk 1.73 (1.12–2.69) 1.60 (1.10–2.32)
Self-efficacy pain quartiles
 0–28 reference 1.05 (0.77–1.45)
 28–35 0.87 (0.60–1.27) a
 35–41 0.89 (0.59–1.33)
 41+ 0.97 (0.59–1.60)
Self-efficacy other symptoms
 0–32 reference 1.48 (1.06–2.08)
 32–39 0.57 (0.38–0.83) a
 39–47 0.82 (0.54–1.26)
 47+ 0.52 (0.31–0.86)
Illness Belief quartiles
 0–35 reference 1.48 (1.07–2.08)
 35–43 0.70 (0.48–1.02) a
 43–51 0.63 (0.41–0.97)
 51+ 0.56 (0.33–0.93)
Disability (ODI)
 Minimal reference a
 Moderate 0.97 (0.70–1.34)
 Severe 1.07 (0.64–1.81)
 Crippling 1.87 (0.47–7.36) 1.85 (0.50–6.85)
Extensor endurance (seconds)
 0–36 reference 1.29 (0.94–1.76)
 37–72 0.73 (0.50–1.05) a
 73–144 0.78 (0.53–1.16)
 145–180 0.87 (0.57–1.32)
Abdominal endurance (seconds)
 0–25 reference reference
 26–45 0.88 (0.62–1.27) 0.88 (0.62–1.25)
 46–75 1.24 (0.85–1.82) 1.28 (0.89–1.86)
 76–120 0.81 (0.54–1.23) 0.87 (0.59–1.29)
Sit-to-stand test (repetitions)
 0–10 reference reference
 10–12 0.91 (0.65–1.29) 0.96 (0.68–1.34)
 12–14 0.77 (0.53–1.13) 0.78 (0.54–1.13)
 14+ 1.18 (0.82–1.69) 1.24 (0.87–1.75)

a Other categories of the variable combined into one reference category