Fig. 2.

Odds associated with increased frailty (CFS 4–5 vs. CFS 1–3). DerSimonian and Laird statistical method with odds ratio as output only for included observational studies. Forrest plot of included observational studies of the meta-analysis (patients with CFS 4–5 COVID-19 mortality vs. patients with CFS 1–3 COVID-19 mortality) representing respective reduction or increase in mortality in the frailest population, is shown in Fig. S3, random effects odds ratio 1.95 (1.32,2.87; I² 81%). Forrest and associated funnel plots (Fig. S3) were generated with Review Manager V. 5.4 Cochrane Tool for meta-analysis.