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HIV- and HAART-mediated mechanisms leading to hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. HIV itself can induce liver inflammation via TLRs, hepatocyte apoptosis through CXCR4 and fibrosis by directly (via envelope glycoprotein gp120) and indirectly (via LPS) activating stellate cells. HAART-associated lipodystrophy induces insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis while also evoking mitochondrial toxicity
