Fig. 4.

H. Pylori-infection-mediated mechanisms leading to hepatic steatosis inflammation and fibrosis. H. Pylori infection relates to increased serum fetuin A levels. Fetuin A can impair insulin signaling by interrogating with, among others, insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity and promote inflammation through TLR4 activation. H. Pylori infection probably also relates to increased gut barrier permeability which can result in translocation of PAMPs to the liver through the gut-liver axis and initiate inflammation and fibrosis