Table 2.

Worst Pain

Mean difference scores: Difference between participants GRS ratings during baseline pain stimulus minus GRS ratings during the test phase pain stimulus.

Group 1:	Group 2:
No VR/No Hypnosis	VR only
Mean = .03 (SD = 1.10)	Mean difference = 1.22, (SD = 1.66)
Group 3:	Group 4:
Hypnosis only	VR/Hypnosis combined
Mean difference = 2.06 (SD = 1.80)	Mean difference = 2.32, (SD = 1.75)

Between Groups independent t-tests: Worst pain.

Group 1 (Mean = −.03, SD = 1.10) vs. Group 2 (Mean = 1.22, SD = 1.66), t(98) = 4.46, p < .001, Mean Difference = −1.26, Standard Error of the Difference = .28, CI = −1.81 to .69.

Group 1 (Mean = −.03, SD = 1.10) vs. Group 3 (Mean = 2.06, SD = 1.80), t(101) = 7.11, p < .001, Mean Difference = −2.09, Standard Error of the Difference = .29, CI = 2.68 to −1.51.

Group 1 (Mean = −.03, SD = 1.10) vs. Group 4 (Mean = 2.32, SD = 1.75), t(102) = 8.17, p < .001, Mean Diffference = −2.38, SE dif = .29, CI = −2.92 to −1.78.

Group 2 (Mean = 1.22, SD = 1.66) vs. Group 3 (Mean = 2.06, SD = 1.80), t(99) = 2.44, p = .017, Mean Difference = −.84, SE dif = .35, CI = −1.53 to – .16

Group 2 (mean = 1.22, SD = 1.66) vs. Group 4 (Mean = 2.32, SD = 1.75), t(100) = −3.25, p < .005, Mean difference = −1.10, SD dif = .34, CI = −1.77 to −.43.

Group 3 (Mean = 2.11, SD = 1.79) vs. Group 4 (Mean = 2.32, SD = 1.75), t(102) = −.63, NS, Mean Difference = −.22, CI = −.91 to .47.