Table 3.

Pain Unpleasantness

Mean difference scores: Difference between participants GRS ratings during baseline pain stimulus minus GRS ratings during the test phase pain stimulus.

Group 1:	Group 2:
No VR/No Hypnosis	VR only
Mean = .32, (SD = 1.39)	Mean difference = 1.63, (SD = 2.02)
Group 3:	Group 4:
Hypnosis only	VR/Hypnosis combined
Mean difference = 2.52 (SD = 1.83)	Mean difference = 2.61, (SD = 1.82)

Between Groups independent t-tests: Pain Unpleasantness

Group 1 (Mean = .32, SD = 1.39) vs. Group 2 (Mean = 1.63, SD = 2.02), t(98) = 3.78, p < .001 Mean difference = −1.31, Standard Error Difference = .35, CI = −2.00 to −.62.

Group 1 (Mean = .32, SD = 1.39) vs. Group 3 (Mean = 2.52, SD = 1.83), t(101) = 6.89, p < .001 Mean difference = −2.20, Standard Error Difference = .32, CI = −2.84 to −1.57.

Group 1 (Mean = .32, SD = 1.39) vs. Group 4 (Mean = 2.61, SD = 2.61), t(102) = −7.20, p < .001 Mean difference = −2.29, Standard Error Difference = .32, CI = −2.92 to −1.66.

Group 2 (Mean = 1.63, SD = 2.02) vs. Group 3 (Mean = 2.52, SD = 1.83), t(99) = 2.34, p < .05, Mean difference = −.90, Standard Error Difference = .38, CI = −1.66 to −.14.

Group 2 (Mean = 1.63, SD = 2.02) to Group 4 (Mean = 2.61, SD = 1.82), t(100) = 2.58, p < .05 Mean difference = −.98, Standard Error of the Difference = .38, CI = −1.74 to −.23.

Group 3 = (Mean = 2.52, SD = 1.83) to Group 4 (Mean = 2.61, SD = 1.82), t(103) < 1, ns.