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. 2021 May 15;7(5):e06997. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06997

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© 2021 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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The number of individuals selected for reproduction for the next generation, which is the effective population size of the model. If all fitness was equal this would be approximately 63 individuals per generation on average. When an environmental shift occurs a smaller number of individuals are selected because the fitness gradient causes some individuals to be selected multiple times while others are not selected. The effective population size here is driven only by random chance in the selection stage and the relative fitness of individuals.