Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Contraindications for implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR) followed by nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM)
| Contraindications | T4 or inflammatory breast cancer |
| Paget’s disease | |
| Tumors within 1 cm of the nipple or with clinical or radiologic extension into the nipple–areolar complex (NAC) | |
| Tumors with pathologic nipple discharge | |
| Relative contraindications | Large breast tumors |
| Ptosis | |
| Massive obesity | |
| Severe life-threatening medical comorbidity | |
| Long-standing cigarette smoking |
