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. 2021 May 10;8:680997. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.680997

Table 2.

Prognostic ILD plasma/serum biomarkers.

Outcome predicted
Biomarker ILD subtype Lung function decline Survival Exacerbation References
AGE/sRAGE IPF + (33)
Anti-MDA-5 Ab IIM-ILD + (116)
CA-125 IPF + + (117, 118)
CTD-ILD + (119)
CHP + (119)
uILD + (119)
CA19-9 IPF + + (118)
Calgranulin (S100) IPF + + (120, 121)
CCL-2 SSc-ILD + + (122, 123)
IIM-ILD + (124)
CCL17 CHP + (52)
CCL-18 IPF + (125127)
SSc-ILD ± + (44, 128131)
CD59 IPF + (46)
CRP SSc-ILD + + (47)
CX3CL1 SSc-ILD + (49)
CXCL4 SSc-ILD + (132)
CXCL9 CHP + (52)
CXCL10 IIM-ILD + (124)
CXCL13 CTD-ILD + (119)
CHP + (119)
uILD + (119)
IPF + + (55, 119, 133, 134)
GDF-15 IPF + (61)
ICAM-1 SSc-ILD + (62)
IPF + + (121)
IgA IPF + + (135)
IL-6 SSc-ILD + + (136)
IIM-ILD + (137)
IL-10 SSc-ILD + - (122)
KL-6 IPF + + + (125, 133, 138141)
SSc-ILD + + (79, 96, 131, 142)
LOXL-2 IPF + (143)
MMP-degraded Proteins IPF + + (81, 82)
MMP-3 CTD-ILD + (144)
IPF + (134)
MMP-7 CTD-ILD + (119)
CHP + (119)
uILD + (119)
IPF + + (117, 121, 145)
IIM-ILD + (145)
MMP-9 CTD-ILD + (144)
MMP-10 IPF + + (146)
Neopterin IIM-ILD + (147)
Osteopontin IPF + (117)
CTD-ILD + (144)
Periostin IPF + + (90, 148, 149)
CHP + + (89)
SP-A IPF + + (145)
SP-D IPF + + (36, 74, 118)
SSc-ILD + (44, 74)
VCAM-1 CTD-ILD + (119)
CHP + (119)
uILD + (119)
IPF + + (117, 121)
IIM-ILD + (150)
VEGF IPF + (151)
VEGF A165b IPF + (152)
YKL-40 IPF + (101, 117)
CHP + (100)
SSc-ILD +/- (103)
IIM-ILD + (104)