Table 3.
Role of education in sex differences in 13-year cognitive decline, stratified by birth cohort
| Base model | Base model adjusted for education | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Memory | |||
| Birth cohort | |||
| 1930–38 | −0·05 (−0·11 to 0·01) | 0·00 (−0·07 to 0·06) | |
| 1939–45 | −0·12 (−0·18 to −0·05) | −0·10 (−0·16 to −0·04) | |
| 1946–55 | −0·15 (−0·20 to −0·09) | −0·14 (−0·20 to −0·08) | |
| p value for sex difference by birth cohort | 0·068 | 0·0059 | |
| Fluency | |||
| Birth cohort | |||
| 1930–38 | −0·05 (−0·17 to 0·08) | −0·01 (−0·13 to 0·11) | |
| 1939–45 | −0·05 (−0·12 to 0·01) | −0·03 (−0·10 to 0·03) | |
| 1946–55 | 0·06 (−0·11 to 0·24) | 0·10 (−0·08 to 0·27) | |
| p value for sex difference by birth cohort | 0·48 | 0·41 | |
Data are mean difference between sexes in SDs (95% CI), or p values. Positive SD values indicate slower cognitive decline in men; negative values indicate slower cognitive decline in women. Results are shown for the reference category: participants aged 60 years. Base models included sex, sex by age, age2, age3, birth cohort, sex by birth cohort, birth cohort by age, sex by birth cohort by age, ethnicity, and practice effect. Memory models additionally included birth cohort by age3 and lower-order interactions. Fluency models additionally included practice effect by sex and birth cohort by sex by age2 and lower-order interactions.