TABLE 1.

Causes of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI).

Genetic causes	Trisomy X (47 XXX or mosaic) (Allen et al., 2007; Chapman et al., 2015; Dawood et al., 2018; Kirshenbaum and Orvieto, 2019; Wesevich et al., 2020)
	Deletion of X chromosome (Allen et al., 2007; Chapman et al., 2015; Dawood et al., 2018; Kirshenbaum and Orvieto, 2019; Wesevich et al., 2020)
	Turner mosaic (45XO/46XX) (Allen et al., 2007; Chapman et al., 2015; Dawood et al., 2018; Kirshenbaum and Orvieto, 2019; Wesevich et al., 2020)
	Turner syndrome (Torrealday et al., 2017) Fragile X premature (Allen et al., 2007; Chapman et al., 2015; Dawood et al., 2018; Kirshenbaum and Orvieto, 2019; Wesevich et al., 2020)
	Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (1 and 2) Blood syndrome
	BPES
	Ataxia telangiectasia
	Fanconi anemia
	Autoimmune oophoritis
	Enzyme deficiency
	• Galactosemia
	• 17α-hydroxylase deficiency
	• Aromatase deficiency
	Infectious diseases
	• Shigelosis
	• Chickenpox
	• Mumps oophoritis
	• Tuberculosis
	• Malaria
	• Cytomegalovirus infection
Induced/Others	Chemotherapy
	Alkylating agents
	• Cyclophosphamide, dacarbazine, chlorambucil, [-2.5pt] melphalan, busulphan, nitrogen mustard, and anthracyclines (doxorubicin)
	Substituted hydrazine (procarbazine)
	Bilateral oophorectomy
	Bilateral ovarian cystectomy
	Radiation
	Environmental toxins
	Pelvic vessel embolization

Blepharophimosis-Epicanthus inversus syndrome