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. 2021 May 10;12:661082. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.661082

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Copyright © 2021 Ryan, Seymour, Loukas, Lopez, Ikonomopoulou and Miles

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Immunological responses to envenomation. Diagram summarizing the protective and pathological responses of the host’s immune system towards venom compounds. Created with BioRender.com.