Table 5.
NOVA food groups | Tertiles of the dietary contribution of ultra-processed food (% of the dietary energy) | ||
---|---|---|---|
T1 | T2 | T3 | |
(n 120) | (n 120) | (n 119) | |
Unprocessed or minimally processed foods | 62⋅4 (95 % CI 53⋅8, 71⋅1) | 47⋅6 (95 % CI 38⋅6, 56⋅5) | 31⋅1 (95 % CI 22⋅8, 39⋅4) |
Cereals | 12⋅5 | 11⋅3 | 6⋅8 |
Poultry | 10⋅6 | 8⋅4 | 5⋅4 |
Starchy roots and tubers | 8⋅4 | 5⋅0 | 3⋅6 |
Pasta | 8⋅5 | 6⋅4 | 3⋅5 |
Fruits | 5⋅1 | 2⋅7 | 2⋅8 |
Red meat | 6⋅6 | 4⋅1 | 2⋅6 |
Fish | 3⋅6 | 2⋅6 | 2⋅0 |
Vegetables | 2⋅1 | 1⋅8 | 1⋅3 |
Fresh fruit juice | 0⋅7 | 0⋅9 | 1⋅0 |
Eggs | 1⋅5 | 1⋅2 | 0⋅8 |
Legumes | 2⋅1 | 2⋅3 | 0⋅6 |
Othera | 0⋅7 | 0⋅7 | 0⋅5 |
Milk and plain yoghurt | 0⋅3 | 0⋅3 | 0⋅4 |
Processed culinary ingredients | 1⋅3 (95 % CI 0⋅7, 3⋅3) | 1⋅3 (95 % CI 0⋅7, 3⋅4) | 0⋅9 (95 % CI 0⋅8, 2⋅6) |
Table sugar | 0⋅9 | 1⋅0 | 0⋅7 |
Butter | 0⋅3 | 0⋅2 | 0⋅2 |
Plant oil | 0⋅0 | 0⋅1 | 0⋅0 |
Otherb | 0⋅1 | 0⋅0 | 0⋅0 |
Processed foods | 14⋅3 (95 % CI 8⋅1, 20⋅6) | 11⋅4 (95 % CI 5⋅8, 17⋅1) | 9⋅1 (95 % CI 4⋅0, 14⋅3) |
Otherc | 3⋅7 | 4⋅8 | 3⋅9 |
Cheese | 1⋅3 | 1⋅9 | 1⋅8 |
Ham and salted/smoked/canned meats/fish | 3⋅1 | 3⋅0 | 1⋅7 |
Beer and wine | 4⋅5 | 0⋅8 | 0⋅9 |
Processed breads | 1⋅3 | 1⋅0 | 0⋅7 |
Canned or bottled vegetables/fruit/legumes | 0⋅5 | 0⋅1 | 0⋅1 |
Ultra-processed foods | 22⋅0 (95 % CI 14⋅6, 29⋅4) | 39⋅7 (95 % CI 30⋅9, 48⋅4) | 58⋅9 (95 % CI 50⋅0, 67⋅7) |
Soft drinks, fruit drinks/juices | 5⋅8 | 8⋅4 | 10⋅6 |
Pastries, buns and cakes | 2⋅4 | 5⋅2 | 10⋅4 |
Industrialised packaged breads | 4⋅2 | 7⋅2 | 9⋅2 |
Industrial chips (French fries) | 1⋅3 | 2⋅5 | 5⋅2 |
Otherd | 2⋅9 | 4⋅7 | 5⋅0 |
Sausage and other reconstituted meat products | 1⋅4 | 2⋅7 | 4⋅3 |
Confectionary | 0⋅6 | 1⋅7 | 2⋅6 |
Breakfast cereals | 1⋅0 | 0⋅9 | 2⋅6 |
Milk-based drinks | 0⋅8 | 1⋅8 | 2⋅1 |
Industrial pizza | 0⋅3 | 0⋅9 | 2⋅0 |
Biscuits | 0⋅4 | 1⋅4 | 1⋅9 |
Industrial desserts | 0⋅2 | 0⋅4 | 0⋅9 |
Packaged snacks | 0⋅4 | 0⋅8 | 0⋅8 |
Packaged pre-prepared meals | 0⋅1 | 0⋅5 | 0⋅8 |
Margarine and other spreads | 0⋅2 | 0⋅4 | 0⋅4 |
Sauces, dressings and gravies | 0⋅2 | 0⋅1 | 0⋅3 |
Including meat from other animals, teas, coffees and dried spices.
Including honey, gelatine powder and vinegar.
Including salted or sugared nuts, seeds and dried fruit.
Including ultra-processed cheese.