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. 2021 May 10;12:656406. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.656406

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Copyright © 2021 Shu, Hahn, Jurkevitch, Liburd, Yuval and Wong.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Foraging of adult Drosophila suzukii on fruit-based foods. Conventional females, N = 26; Axenic females, N = 14; Conventional males, N = 17; Axenic males, N = 22 (N indicates the number of arenas). The numbers of flies foraging on food (foraging flies) at 7, 12, and 24 h were scored. The data were analyzed by fitting a linear mixed effects model (LMM) with time, microbiome status, and sex as fixed effects (and their interactions tested), while arenas and days were accounted for as random effects. Error bars represent estimated marginal means (EMMs) with 95% confidence interval. The observed number of foraging flies in each arena was represented in dots. Statistical significance between conventional and axenic flies is indicated with ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001. NS represents no statistical significance (P ≥ 0.05). P-values were adjusted by Bonferroni correction.