TABLE 1.

List of genes selected for real-time expression analysis and their reported functions.

SI no.	Gene	Log2 (fold change) in NGS	Reported functional roles	References
1.	TPT1	8.79	Process of apoptosis, cellular differentiation, and control of sperm functions	Arcuri et al., 2004
2.	PFN1	6.74	Regulation of actin filament polymerization and oocyte maturation	Rawe et al., 2006
3.	RACK1	3.31	Cell regulation, and motility and translation	Gibson, 2012; Gandin et al., 2013
4.	ZNF706	−16.03	Sperm functions and male fertility	Kerns et al., 2018
5.	MDB4	−5.81	DNA repair and spermatogenesis	Ruddock-D’Cruz et al., 2008; Terribas et al., 2010
6.	CRISP2	−5.19	Spermatogenesis, sperm motility, acrosome reaction, capacitation, and fertilization	Card et al., 2013; Zhou et al., 2015; Brukman et al., 2016; Legare et al., 2017
7.	TNP2	−2.74	Acrosome reaction, penetration of zona pellucida, and spermatogenesis	Selvaraju et al., 2018; Yathish et al., 2018
8.	TNP1	−2.52	Chromatin remodeling, spermatid development, and spermatogenesis	Meistrich et al., 2003; Yathish et al., 2018
9.	ADIPOR1	−2.06	Capacitation and sire fertility	Kasimanickam et al., 2013; Kadivar et al., 2016
10.	TSSK6	6.9 (FPKM unique to HF)	Gamete fusion, sperm chromatin condensation, and protein phosphorylation	Sosnik et al., 2009; Selvaraju et al., 2018
11.	IQCF1	2.89 (FPKM unique to HF)	Motility, capacitation, and acrosome reaction	Fang et al., 2015
12.	TMSB10	12.31 (FPKM unique to LF)	Capacitation and fertilization	Selvaraju et al., 2017

HF, high fertile; LF, low fertile; NGS, next-generation sequencing.