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. 2021 May 18;7(5):e07013. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07013

Table 6.

CATWOE analysis for U2P.

CATWOE “Usage to Payment”
C, Customers City Council appoints the finance department in charge of bill payment, according to the agreed contract.
A, Actors Mobile apps T-Apps managed by the marketing team, IoT invoice verification team.
T, Trans-formation Process (Proposed)∗ The IoT-based industry service usage record:
  • •The invoice declares the service usage information per IoT device according to the agreed contract (price plan), whether it is based on volume, usage, or a flat price.

  • •Provides a real-time billing usage interface for the smart city.

Managing the rating and billing scheme:
  • •Payment based on volume, usage, or particular mechanism;

  • •Billing information being accessible toward customer IoT, depending on the price plan.

Managing the bill payments and receivables:
  • •The invoice information is verified prior to the submission to avoid customer complaints. A dedicated team ensures the invoice record for the IoT-based industry;

  • •The invoice is sent on time and automatically to the customer through e-mail or as a physical copy;

  • •A new definition of product lifecycle: idle, active, suspend, disable, pool, etc.

  • •An alert to be sent to the customer because of late payment;

  • •An alert to be sent to the customer prior to the service termination because of the late payment.

W, World View. Manage customers from the industry, with the existing resources and constraints.
O, System Owners Marketing directorate of TSP company.
E, Environ-ment and its limitations (constraints) Accurate and timely invoices, monitoring SLA and QoS, collection of service usage records, how SLAs should be achieved, how consistency of tariff configurations should be maintained, transparency in marketing activities related to customer billing.