Table 4.
Associations between neighborhood walkability and outcomes before and after adjustment for mediators (social support and physical activity), sociodemographics, and other covariates related to clinical conditions, characteristics of the index hospitalization, and physical functioning (SILVER-AMI, November 2014 – June 2017). Unadjusted model; PA/SS model; sociodemographic model; fully adjusted model.
| Unadjusted model |
PA/SS model |
Sociodemographic model |
Fully adjusted model |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | ß | 95% CI | ß | 95% CI | ß | 95% CI | ß | 95% CI |
| PCS | −0.0086 | −0.0315, 0.0143 | −0.0101 | −0.0365, 0.0163 | −0.0155 | −0.471, 0.0241 | 0.0098 | −0.0273, 0.0469 |
| MCS | −0.0206 | −0.0366, −0.0047 | −0.0165 | −0.0324, −0.0006 | −0.0886 | −0.1651, −0.0121 | −0.0810 | −0.1750, 0.0130 |
| HFST | −0.0151 | −0.0881, 0.0579 | −0.0487 | −0.1350, 0.0377 | −0.0112 | −0.1287, 0.1062 | −0.0075 | −0.0236, 0.0086 |
Abbreviations: PA = physical activity; SS = social support; PCS = physical component score of SF-12; MCS = mental component score of SF-12; HFST = hospital-free survival time (days).
*Associations between neighborhood walkability and PCS and HFST were adjusted for physical activity because physical activity was associated with these outcomes; the association between neighborhood walkability and MCS was adjusted for social support because social support was associated with this outcome.
**Sociodemographic model further adjusted the PA/SS model for individual-level demographic factors, including age, sex, race, education, and marital status.
***Fully adjusted model further adjusted the sociodemographic model for comorbid conditions (coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, heart failure, peripheral arterial disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, any cancer, and diabetes), index hospitalization characteristics (length of stay, whether revascularization was performed, and ejection fraction), post-hospitalization cardiac rehabilitation or physical therapy, and physical functioning (TICS, timed up and go, impairment in activities of daily living, and census tract area deprivation index.