Table 2.
Clinical Characteristics of the Included Studies.
| Study (year) | Location | Design | Study population | Age | N | Confounders assessed | Diagnosis of PD | Diagnosis of ED | Clinical outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zaadik (2009) | Israel | Cross- sectional study R |
Males ≥ 25 years of age | 39.5 ± 6.7 |
‡305 Mild ED = 51, Moderate ED = 18; Severe ED = 1 Control = 235 |
Education, ED severity, Smoking | Alveolar bone loss | SHIM questionnaire scores ≤ 21 | Males with ED (mild and moderate) compared to males without ED had significantly more prevalent CP |
| Keller (2012) | China | Case-control study R |
Males ≥ 18 years of age | 49.3 ± 12.5; 49.4 for cases 49.2 for controls | 1,97,136 | Age, urbanization, income, geographic region, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, obesity, alcohol | ICD-9-CMcode523.4 periodontal examination and probing of the sulcus and radiographs |
ICD-9-CMcode 607.84 IIEF-5 (International Index of ED) |
ED cases were more likely to have been previously diagnosed with CP than controls |
| Oguz (2013) | Turkey | Cross- sectional study R |
30y to 40y males | 162 | Age, incomes, education level, BMI, CP severity DM, heart disease, hypertension, smoking | Mild: PPD ≥ 4 mm BOP (<15 tooth sites) Severe PD:PPD ≥ 15 mm BOP (≥ 15 tooth sites) | IIEF Questionnaire | Patients with ED had more CP compared to the non-ED group | |
| Tsao (2014) | China | Case-control study | 20y to 80y males | 48.3 ± 12.5 | 15315 Cases = 5,105, Control = 10,210 |
age, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, DM, hyperlipidemia, obesity | ICD-9-CMcode523.4, periodontal examination and radiographs | ICD-9-CM codes23.0 | ED cases were more likely to have been previously diagnosed with CP than controls |
| Martin (2018) | Spain | Case-control study P |
18y to 70y males ≥11 teeth |
Controls 53 ± 8 Cases 53 ± 9 |
158 | Age, cardiovascular diseases, DM, triglycerides | BOP ≥ 1s ite PPD ≥ 4 mm AL ≥ 3 mm | IIEF ≥ 25 | Patients with CP were more likely to have ED compared to periodontally healthy men |
| Chou (2014) | Taiwan | Cross- sectional Study R | 18–28 years males | 21.65 ± 2.609 years | 1932 | Age, BMI, Waist, smoking | Comprehensive dental examination | IIEF‑5 questionnaire | Incidence of ED in young males with CPD was higher than those without CPD. |
Note. ‡Authors when contacted clarified the number of periodontitis subjects among the ED and non ED groups.