Table 1.
Allergy and immunology situation regarding education, training and healthcare providers in Latin America
| Certified Medical Schools Including Allergy and/or Immunology in Undergraduate Program | Training Centers for Postgraduate Allergy and Immunology Programs | Allergy Centers for Patient Care | Immunodeficiency Centers | WAO Centers of Excellence | Accreditation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Argentina | 20, Allergy and Immunology is included in pediatrics or internal medicine modules. | 5, Universidad de Buenos Aires -UBA. Universidad Nacional de La Plata Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Universidad Católica de Córdoba Hospital Reina Fabiola Hospital Nacional de Clinicas Córdoba |
26, Hospital San Martín
|
16, Hospital de Pediatría Prof. Dr. Juan P Garrahan
|
None | CONEAU - National Commission for University Evaluation and Accreditation –Ministry of Health of the Nation |
| Brazil | 345, Medical Schools; Allergy and Immunology is included in pediatrics or internal medicine modules. | 17, Recognized training centers in Curitiba, Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Brasilia, Ribeirão Preto, Uberlândia, Salvador and Recife | Aracaju – Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS); Curitiba – Universidade Federal do Parana ´(UFPR); Sao Paulo – Universida de de Sao Paulo (USP)- Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP); Belo Horizonte – Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG); Campinas – Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Ribeira ~ o Preto – (USP); Recife – Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE); Rio de Janeiro – Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) and Salvador – Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) | Universidad de Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) and Children's Institute (USP) and other 52 centers that treat PID. | Federal University of Parana (Curitiba, Brazil) | Ministry of Health of Brazil |
| Chile | 20, Allergy topics are partially included | 1, Immunology Specialist Training Program, Universidad de Chile | Private and public hospitals in Santiago and surrounding regions. | 2, Clinical Hospital of the Universidad de Chile Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna |
1, Allergy, Immunology and HIV Service of the Medicine Department, Universidad de Chile | Ministry of Health of Chile |
| Colombia | 66, Accredited by the Colombian Association of Faculties of Medicine (ASCOFAME); Allergy topics are partially included | 2, Universidad de Antioquia Universidad ICESI As well as masters and doctorates in Immunology at the University of Antioquia and the University of Cartagena. |
Over 40 specialists offices and services including the IPS Universitaria Clinical Allergology Service, Universidad de Antioquia
|
5, Two at the University Foundation of Health Sciences (FUCS) (Reference Center for Inborn Errors of the Immune System) University of Antioquia (Medellín) with the group of Primary Immunodeficiencies Immunoallergy Center in Cartagena de Indias and the Immunoallergy Center in Neiva |
2, Group of Clinical and Experimental Allergy (GACE) (Medellin, Colombia) and the Institute for Immunological Research (Cartagena, Colombia) | Ministry of Health Republic of Colombia |
| Costa Rica | 8, Allergy and Immunology is included in pediatrics or internal medicine modules. | None | 3, Hospital San Juan de Dios Hospital Mexico Hospital de Niños |
3, Hospital San Juan de Dios Hospital Mexico Hospital de Niños |
None | Ministry of Health, Costa Rican Social Security |
| Ecuador | 23, and 12 of them include Allergy as a subject | None | 14, Hospital Kennedy Hospital Alcivar Hospital Interhospital Hospital de niños Roberto Gilbert Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo. Hospital Del Rio Hospital Seguro Social de CuencaHospital Monte Sinai Hospital Carlos Andrade Marin Hospital Quito N.1 de la Policia Nacional Hospital de Especialidades Portoviejo Hospital Seguro Social PortoviejoHospital de los Valles QuitoHospital del Seguro Social Machala |
PIDE Foundation (Patients with Primary Immunodeficiency Ecuador) | None | Ministry of Health of Ecuador |
| Panama | 5, Allergy and Immunology is included in internal medicine modules. | 1, Arnulfo Arias Madrid Complex | 5, Complejo Hospitalario Arnulfo Arias Madrid Hospital de Especialidades Pediátricas Omar Torrijos Herrera Hospital del Niño Hospital Chicho Fábrega en Santiago de Veraguas Hospital José Domingo De Obaldía |
5, Complejo Hospitalario Arnulfo Arias Madrid Hospital de Especialidades Pediátricas Omar Torrijos Herrera Hospital del Niño Hospital Chicho Fábrega en Santiago de Veraguas Hospital José Domingo De Obaldía |
None | Ministry of Health of Panama |
| Paraguay | 15 nationally credited Faculties of Medicine and 3 under the model Mercosur/Regional International. The Universidad Nacional de Asuncion includes allergy topics as part of the subjects: Clinical Medicine and Pediatrics. | 2, Universidad Nacional de Asuncion through the Social Prevision Institute Universidad Catolica in Asuncion | 6, Universidad Nacional de AsuncionInstituto de Prevision SocialHospital Nacional de Itagua Clinica Guggiari Clinica Sisu in Asuncion and Villarrica |
1, Department of Immunology at the Institute of Health Research Sciences of the Universidad Nacional de Asuncion | None | Postgraduate schools of the national universitiesMinistry of Health and Social Welfare |
| Uruguay | 2, Allergy topics are partially included | 1, Facultad de Medicina de Uruguay, Clinical Hospital of Montevideo | 5, Hospital de ClinicasHospital de Pediatria Pereira Rossell Private Clinics in Montevideo |
1, Hospital Pereira Rosell | None | Ministry of Health of Uruguay |
| Venezuela | 8, Allergy topics are included | 2, Institute of Immunology of the Faculty of Medicine of the Central University of Venezuela.Allergology Service of the Central Hospital of the Armed Forces Dr. Carlos Arvelo. University residence | 4, Institute of Immunology of the Faculty of Medicine of the Central University of Venezuela.
|
1, The Institute of Immunology of the Faculty of Medicine of the Central University of Venezuela | None | Hospitals and national medical boardsVenezuelan Society of Allergy, Asma and Immunology |