Table 1.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics at baseline of patients exposed to Central Nervous System drugs
| N, % | Total N = 137,880 | Cases N = 12,616 | Controls N = 125,264 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age, SD | 72.6, 13.2 | 72.9, 13.2 | 72.6, 13.2 | 0.009 |
| Sex, female | 60216, 43.7 | 5486, 43.5 | 54730, 43.7 | 0.658 |
| N visits in PHC | ||||
| Missing values | 15165, 11.0 | 682, 5.4 | 14483, 11.6 | <0.001 |
| <5 | 27055, 22.0 | 1860, 15.6 | 25195, 22.7 | <0.001 |
| 5-9 | 33155, 27.0 | 2460, 20.6 | 30695, 27.7 | |
| 10-24 | 46191, 37.6 | 4837, 40.5 | 41354, 37.3 | |
| ≥25 | 16314, 13.3 | 2777, 23.3 | 13537, 12.2 | |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Missing values | 18895, 13.7 | 1294, 10.3 | 17601, 14.1 | <0.001 |
| Current smokers | 16172, 13.6 | 2020, 17.8 | 14152, 13.1 | <0.001 |
| BMI mean, SD | 28.9, 4.7 | 28.8, 4.9 | 28.9, 4.7 | 0.273 |
| Missing values | 78443, 56.9 | 6610, 52.4 | 71833, 57.3 | <0.001 |
| Obesity | 21708, 36.5 | 2180, 36.3 | 19528, 36.5 | <0.001 |
| MEDEA | <0.001 | |||
| U | 8431, 6.1 | 1216, 9.6 | 7215, 5.8 | |
| R | 25909, 18.8 | 2343, 18.6 | 23566, 18.8 | |
| U1-U3 | 58111, 42.1 | 4955, 39.3 | 53156, 42.4 | |
| U4-U5 | 45429, 32.9 | 4102, 32.5 | 41327, 33.0 | |
| GFR | ||||
| Missing values | 56401, 40.9 | 4186, 33.2 | 52215, 41.7 | <0.001 |
| <30 mL/min/1.73m2 | 1599, 2.0 | 311, 3.7 | 1288, 1.8 | <0.001 |
| 30-44 | 5357, 6.6 | 802, 9.5 | 4555, 6.2 | |
| 45-59 | 12751, 15.6 | 1568, 18.6 | 11183, 15.3 | |
| ≥60 | 61772, 75.8 | 5749, 68.2 | 56023, 76.7 | |
| Cardiovascular risk, high | 14978, 10.9 | 2511, 19.9 | 12467, 10.0 | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Anxiety | 12792, 9.3 | 1177, 9.3 | 11615, 9.3 | 0.836 |
| Arthrosis | 31921, 23.2 | 2823, 22.4 | 29098, 23.2 | 0.031 |
| Cancer | 24479, 17.8 | 2306, 18.3 | 22173, 17.7 | 0.106 |
| COPD | 16594, 12.0 | 1822, 14.4 | 14772, 11.8 | <0.001 |
| Dementia | 6903, 5.0 | 828, 6.6 | 6075, 4.8 | <0.001 |
| Depression | 7723, 5.6 | 853, 6.8 | 6870, 5.5 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 29158, 21.1 | 3890, 30.8 | 25268, 20.2 | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 52057, 37.8 | 5007, 39.7 | 47050, 37.6 | <0.001 |
| Epilepsy | 1050, 0.8 | 207, 1.6 | 843, 0.7 | <0.001 |
| Fibromyalgia | 1266, 0.9 | 124, 1.0 | 1142, 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 73250, 53.1 | 7626, 60.4 | 65624, 52.4 | <0.001 |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 11401, 8.3 | 1745, 13.8 | 9656, 7.7 | <0.001 |
| Neuropathies | 5067, 3.7 | 575, 4.6 | 4492, 3.6 | <0.001 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 3888, 2.8 | 916, 7.3 | 2972, 2.4 | <0.001 |
| Ulcers | 4274, 3.1 | 444, 3.5 | 3830, 3.1 | 0.005 |
SD standard deviation, PHC primary healthcare, BMI body mass index, MEDEA socioeconomic index, (U unknown urban area, U# urban areas), R rural area, GFR glomerular filtration rate, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease