Table 3.

Exposure to antiepileptic drugs

N, %	Total N = 22,271	Cases N = 2,865	Controls N = 19,406	p-value
Carbamazepine exposure	1238, 5.6	169, 5.9	1069, 5.5	0.407
Current exposure	321, 1.4	52, 1.8	269, 1.4
Past exposure	202, 0.9	32, 1.1	170, 0.9
Monotherapy	140, 0.6	15, 0.5	125, 0.6
Clonazepam	4675, 21.0	570, 19.9	4105, 21.2	0.128
Current	1089, 4.9	135, 4.7	954, 4.9
Past	1019, 4.6	124, 4.3	895, 4.6
Monotherapy	525, 2.4	52, 1.8	473, 2.4
Gabapentin	8861, 39.8	1138, 39.7	7723, 39.8	0.951
Current	1814, 8.1	296, 10.3	1518, 7.8
Past	1994, 9.0	244, 8.5	1750, 9,0
Monotherapy	1060, 4.8	177, 6.2	883, 4.6
Lamotrigine	575, 2.6	94, 3.3	481, 2.5	0.012
Current	191, 0.9	38, 1.3	153, 0.8
Past	146, 0.7	21, 0.7	125, 0.6
Monotherapy	72, 0.3	14, 0.5	58, 0.3
Levetiracetam	654, 2.9	231, 8.1	423, 2.2	<0.001
Current	383, 1.7	166, 5.8	217, 1.1
Past	62, 0.3	10, 0.3	52, 0.3
Monotherapy	187, 0.8	90, 3.1	97, 0.5
Oxcarbazepine	556, 2.5	83, 2.9	473, 2.5	0.137
Current	149, 0.7	27, 0.9	122, 0.6
Past	131, 0.6	20, 0.7	111, 0.6
Monotherapy	66, 0.3	11, 0.4	55, 0.3
Phenobarbital	520, 2.3	85, 3.0	435, 2.2	0.018
Current	205, 0.9	39, 1.4	166, 0.9
Past	124, 0.6	28, 1.0	96, 0.5
Monotherapy	58, 0.3	10, 0.3	48, 0.2
Phenytoin	610, 2.7	128, 4.5	482, 2.5	<0.001
Current	232, 1.0	49, 1.7	183, 0.9
Past	121, 0.5	25, 0.9	96, 0.5
Monotherapy	96, 0.4	17, 0.6	79, 0.4
Pregabalin	9720, 43.6	1100, 38.4	8620, 44.4	<0.001
Current	1829, 8.2	239, 8.3	1590, 8.2
Past	2586, 11.6	285, 9.9	2301, 11.9
Monotherapy	1058, 4.8	119, 4.2	939, 4.8
Topiramate	1088, 4.9	168, 5.9	920, 4.7	0.010
Current	176, 0.8	36, 1.3	140, 0.7
Past	285, 1.3	45, 1.6	240, 1.2
Monotherapy	77, 0.3	9, 0.3	68, 0.4
Valproic acid	1037, 4.7	192, 6.7	845, 4.4	<0.001
Current	367, 1.6	92, 3.2	275, 1.4
Past	214, 1.0	28, 1.0	186, 1.0
Monotherapy	175, 0.8	39, 1.4	136, 0.7