Table 3. Task-specific olfactory deficits in mouse models of neurodevelopmental disorders.

Disease conditions include genetic etiologies, prenatal exposures, environmental exposures, and epilepsy. Gray bars indicate testing performed, and there was no difference. Red bars indicate deficits, green bars indicate improved performance compared to controls, white bars indicate testing was not performed.

Disease	Model	Buried food (Detection)	Hole board or Place Preference (Preference)	Habituation/Dishabituation (Discrimination)	Other
Fragile X	fmr1−/y			No difference	↓ detection sensitivity using dehabituation
					↓ learned discrimination using dehabituation
					No difference in discrimination using go-no-go
Down Syndrome	Ts65Dn				↓ learned discrimination using go-no-go
Prader-Willi	Magel2-null	↓ acuity			↓ exploration time of odors
Angelman Syndrome	Upe3a−/p+	↓ acuity			↓ detection sensitivity using dehabituation ↓ learned discrimination in a digging task
Phelan-McDermid Syndrome	Shank3Δ4−22 Shank3 null	↓ acuity
Rett like	Prune2Ex16−/−		No preference		↓ exploration time of odors Impaired odor memory in paired aversion task
Adult-onset leukodystrophy	Csf1r+/−	↓ acuity
CHARGE	Chd7whi/+			↓ sensitivity
Niemann Pick	NPC1−/−	↓ acuity
Huntington disease	HTT CAG knock-in				↓ learned discrimination in a digging task
Phenylketonuria	Pahenu2	↓ acuity			↓ learned discrimination in a digging task
Spinocerebellar Atrophy 38	Elovl5 KO	↓ acuity
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex	Tsc1 cKO
Williams-Beuren syndrome	Gtf2i+/− Gtf2i+/dup
α-mannosidosis	EαM−/−				↓ learned discrimination in a digging task
Lissencephaly	Lis1+/−
Kallmann Syndrome	Tshz1 cKO	↓ acuity
	Jacob/Nsmf KO				No differences in behavioral response to odor
Other monogenic causes of intellectual disability	Brinp1–3				No difference in odor exploration time
	Tlr7 KO	↑ acuity
	Visc-2−/−
	OPHN1−/y			↓ sensitivity
	Nrp2−/−
	ArxF/X
	EPAC2−/−
	BRD7 KO

Disease	Model	Buried food (Detection)	Hole board or Place Preference (Preference)	Habituation/Dishabituation (Discrimination)	Other
Prenatal Exposures	Fetal Alcohol Syndrome				No difference in odor memory in adults
					↓ learned discrimination in a digging task Impairment in a paired aversion task in pups
	Ethiprole				Earlier orientation to bedding by pups
	Amaranth				Later orientation to bedding by pups
	BMAA				Males ↓ odor memory
	BPA			↓ sensitivity
	Cocaine				↓ learned discrimination using go-no-go
	DBP				Later orientation to bedding by pups
	Exhaust		No preference		Difficulty in a learned odor association task
	Lead			↓ sensitivity
	Piperonyl butotxide				Later orientation to bedding by pups
	Methamphetamines			↓ sensitivity
	Organophosphates
	Propofol	↓ acuity
	SAD		No preference
	Sevofluorane
	Tartrazine
Environmental Factors	Low iron diet (rat)	↑ acuity	↑ preference		↑ exploration time of odors
	Vitamin D deficiency				↓ odor learning in a tube maze
	Maternal obesity	↓ acuity		↓ sensitivity
	Very low birth weight				↑ time to find home bedding
Epilepsy	Scn1aRx/+	↓ acuity
	Scn1a+/−		No preference	↓ sensitivity
	Scn2a+/−
	mTOR cKO				↓ exploration time of odors