Table 4.

Mean lipid profile of participants by group and time period.

	VCO (n = 29)	CONTROL (n = 28)	p-value1
	mean ± SE	mean ± SE
Total Cholesterol, mg/dL
Baseline	163.3 ± 6.9	184.2 ± 5.3	0.021*
Midline	197.6 ± 7.7	198.1 ± 7.6	0.961
Mean Difference (p-value2)	34.2 (<0.001)*	13.9 (0.018)*	0.012*
Baseline	163.3 ± 6.9	184.2 ± 5.3	0.021*
Endline	202.7 ± 8.4	199.2 ± 7.1bc	0.7565
Mean Difference (p-value2)	39.4 (0.001)*	15.1 (0.011)*	0.001*
p-value3	<0.001*	0.009*
LDL- Cholesterol, mg/dL
Baseline	96.6 ± 6.1	108.2 ± 3.6	0.108
Midline	114.3 ± 6.4	113.6 ± 5.5	0.9323
Mean Difference (p-value2)	17.7 (0.001)*	5.4 (0.288)	0.071
Baseline	96.6 ± 6.1	108.2 ± 3.6	0.108
Endpoint	120.7 ± 7.2	118.0 ± 5.7	0.769
Mean Difference (p-value2)	24.1 (<0.001)*	9.8 (0.067)	0.032*
p-value3	<0.001*	0.137

HDL- Cholesterol, mg/dL
Baseline	42.8 ± 1.8	47.1 ± 2.4	0.152
Midline	50.7 ± 2.1	47.7 ± 2.6	0.369
Mean Difference (p-value2)	7.9 (0.002)*	0.6 (0.789)	0.019*
Baseline	42.8 ± 1.8	47.1 ± 2.4	0.152
Endpoint	53.6 ± 2.4	50.3 ± 2.7	0.365
Mean Difference (p-value2)	10.8 (<0.001)*	3.1 (0.076)	0.006*
p-value3	<0.001*	0.139
LDL/HDL ratio
Baseline	2.3 ± 0.03	2.4 ± 0.7	0.561
Midline	2.3 ± 0.02	2.6 ± 0.9	0.236
Mean Difference (p-value2)	0 (0.919)	0.2 (0.380)	0.452
Baseline	2.3 ± 0.03	2.4 ± 0.7	0.561
Endpoint	2.3 ± 0.03	2.5 ± 0.7	0.461
Mean Difference (p-value2)	0 (0.958)	0.1 (0.751)	0.870
p-value3	0.998	0.867
Triglycerides, mg/dL
Baseline	131.6 ± 9.3	131.7 ± 9.0	0.996
Midline	156.4 ± 16.1	148.4 ± 13.6	0.71
Mean Difference (p-value2)	24.7 (0.059)	16.8 (0.128)	0.632
Baseline	131.6 ± 9.3	131.7 ± 9.0	0.996
Endpoint	142.3 ± 12.5	146.5 ± 12.4	0.81
Mean Difference (p-value2)	10.6 (0.431)	14.8 (0.191)	0.811
p-value3	0.143	0.304

¹Independent t-test

²Paired t-test.

³Anova with repeated measure (baseline, midline, and endpoint).

^*significant at p < 0.05.