Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 May 24;184(13):3452–3466.e18. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.05.032

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

PMC Copyright notice

SARS-CoV-2 infectivity-enhancing antibodies in COVID-19 patients and uninfected individuals

(A) A method of detecting the enhancing or neutralizing antibodies using a competitive binding assay. DyLight-650-labeled 8D2 and C144 were used to detect the enhancing and neutralizing antibodies, respectively.

(B) The binding of the enhancing antibody, 8D2, or the neutralizing antibody, C144, to beads coated with the spike protein was analyzed in the presence of the serially diluted serum of a representative COVID-19 patient or an uninfected donor.

(C) The levels of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity-enhancing antibodies and neutralizing antibodies in noninfected individuals and non-severe and severe COVID-19 patients.

(D) Enhancing antibody titers subtracted with neutralizing antibody titers were compared between non-severe and severe COVID-19 patients. Statistical significance derived from Mann-Whitney U test is indicated.

(E) Enhancing antibodies were detected by comparing antibody binding to the wild-type NTD-TM (WT) and the mutant NTD-TM lacking the enhancing antibody epitopes (Mut).

(F) Serum levels of antibodies in uninfected individuals against the wild-type NTD (blue bar) and mutant NTDs whose epitopes for the enhancing antibodies were mutated (red bar).

(G) SARS-CoV-2 infectivity-enhancing antibody titers were calculated by subtracting antibody levels against the mutant NTD from those against the wild-type NTD in uninfected individuals (red bar). Anti-RBD antibody titers were analyzed using RBD-TM transfectants (blue bar).

See also Figure S6.