Table 2.
Confounder Characteristics
| Immunotherapy (N = 504) | Chemotherapy (N = 2,214) | Oral Therapy (N = 2,747) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Count | (%) | Count | (%) | Count | (%) |
| Age | ||||||
| <55 | 14 | (2.8) | 93 | (4.2) | 62 | (2.3) |
| 55-64 | 87 | (17.3) | 329 | (14.9) | 341 | (12.4) |
| 65-74 | 194 | (38.5) | 915 | (41.3) | 769 | (30.0) |
| ≥75 | 209 | (41.7) | 876 | (39.6) | 1574 | (57.3) |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 369 | (73.2) | 1,582 | (71.5) | 1,863 | (67.8) |
| Asian | 7 | (1.4) | 33 | (1.5) | 68 | (2.5) |
| Black | 62 | (12.3) | 284 | (12.8) | 376 | (13.7) |
| Hispanic | 22 | (4.4) | 127 | (5.7) | 252 | (9.2) |
| Unknown | 24 | (8.8) | 188 | (8.5) | 188 | (6.8) |
| Education level | ||||||
| No College | 122 | (24.2) | 689 | (31.1) | 814 | (29.6) |
| Some College or More | 348 | (69.0) | 1400 | (63.2) | 1827 | (66.5) |
| Unknown | 34 | (6.7) | 124 | (5.6) | 105 | (3.8) |
| Household income range | ||||||
| <50k | 148 | (29.4) | 798 | (36.0) | 997 | (36.3) |
| 50k-99k | 164 | (32.4) | 656 | (29.6) | 862 | (31.4) |
| >99k | 119 | (23.6) | 431 | (19.5) | 527 | (19.2) |
| Unknown | 73 | (14.5) | 329 | (14.6) | 361 | (13.1) |
| Geographic Region1 | ||||||
| New England | 24 | (4.8) | 109 | (5.0) | 151 | (5.5) |
| Middle Atlantic | 37 | (7.3) | 134 | (6.1) | 257 | (9.4) |
| South Atlantic | 129 | (25.6) | 554 | (25.0) | 582 | (21.2) |
| East North Central | 76 | (15.1) | 305 | (13.8) | 403 | (14.7) |
| East South Central | 20 | (4.0) | 86 | (3.9) | 89 | (3.2) |
| West North Central | 63 | (12.5) | 386 | (17.4) | 137 | (5.0) |
| West South Central | 50 | (9.9) | 231 | (10.4) | 250 | (9.1) |
| Mountain | 75 | (14.9) | 221 | (10.0) | 302 | (11.0) |
| Pacific | 30 | (6.0) | 179 | (8.1) | 557 | (20.3) |
| Unknown | 0 | (0.0) | 9 | (0.4) | 19 | (0.7) |
| Product | ||||||
| HMO | 128 | (25.4) | 797 | (36.0) | 991 | (36.1) |
| PPO | 36 | (7.1) | 181 | (8.2) | 208 | (7.6) |
| Other | 340 | (67.5) | 1,236 | (55.9) | 1,548 | (56.4) |
| Metastatic | ||||||
| Yes | 474 | (94.0) | 2010 | (90.8) | 2,301 | (83.8) |
| No | 30 | (6.0) | 204 | (9.2) | 446 | (16.2) |
| ASO | ||||||
| Yes | 96 | (19.0) | 344 | (15.7) | 434 | (15.8) |
| No | 408 | (81.0) | 1,866 | (84.3) | 2,313 | (84.2) |
| Provider | ||||||
| Urologist | 167 | (33.1) | 4 | (0.2) | 318 | (11.6) |
| Other/ Unknown | 337 | (66.9) | 2209 | (99.8) | 2428 | (88.4) |
| Comorbid Conditions | ||||||
| Diabetes | 154 | (30.6) | 593 | (26.8) | 802 | (29.2) |
| Hypertension | 362 | (71.8) | 1,479 | (66.8) | 1,920 | (69.9) |
| Arrhythmia | 86 | (17.1) | 398 | (18.0) | 640 | (23.3) |
| CHF | 42 | (8.3) | 180 | (8.1) | 359 | (13.1) |
| Osteoporosis | 55 | (11.0) | 114 | (5J) | 204 | (74) |
Characteristics of patients by first of focus treatment given: immunotherapy (sipuleucel-T), chemotherapy (docetaxel), and oral therapy (enzalutamide or abiraterone)
HMO, health maintenance organization; PPO, preferred provider organization; ASO, administrative services only (self-funded health plan); CHF, Congestive Heart Failure
Geographic region:
• New England (NE): Connecticut (CT), Maine (ME), Massachusetts (MA), New Hampshire (NH), Rhode Island (RI), Vermont (VT)
• Middle Atlantic (MA): New Jersey (NJ), New York (NY), Pennsylvania (PA)
• East North Central (ENC): Illinois (IL), Indiana (IN), Michigan (MI), Ohio (OH), Wisconsin (WI)
• West North Central (WNC): Iowa (IA), Kansas (KS), Minnesota (MN), Missouri (MO), Nebraska (NE), North Dakota (ND), South Dakota (SD)
• South Atlantic (SA): Delaware (DE), Washington D.C. (DC), Florida (FL), Georgia (GA), Maryland (MD), North Carolina (NC), South Carolina (SC), Virginia (VA), West Virginia (WV)
• East South Central (ESC): Alabama (AL), Kentucky (KY), Mississippi (MS), Tennessee (TN)
• West South Central (WSC): Arkansas (AR), Louisiana (LA), Oklahoma (OK), and Texas (TX)
• Mountain (M): Arizona (AZ), Colorado (CO), Idaho (ID), Montana (MT), Nevada (NV), New Mexico (NM), Utah (UT), Wyoming (WY)
Pacific (PAC): Alaska (AK), California (CA), Hawaii (HI), Oregon (OR), Washington (WA)