Figure 3.

Aerosol drug delivery to the level of the trachea using a vibrating mesh nebuliser (VMN) across several combinations of clinical intervention e.g., spontaneous breathing (SB) in combination with the VMN, mouthpiece and no supplemental flow, low flow nasal therapy (LFNT) at 10 LPM, high flow nasal therapy (HFNT) at 50 LPM, non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). The values represented are the mean averages ± SD of five independent experiments. Differences were considered statistically significant when * p ≤ 0.05.