Table 1:
Sociodemographic and Obstetric Characteristics of Women Overall and by Mode of Delivery.
| Characteristic | Overall Population | Bivariate Comparisons | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) N = 993 |
Vaginal Birth (n = 759, 75.9%) |
Cesarean Birth (n = 234, 23.4%) |
P-Value | |
| Age in years, Median (IQR) | 24 [20, 28] | 24 [20, 28] | 25 [21, 28] | 0.06a |
| Missing | 1 (0.1%) | * | * | |
| Education | 0.60b | |||
| Unable to read & write | 232 (23.4%) | 173 (22.8%) | 59 (25.2%) | |
| Read & write only | 54 (5.4%) | 46 (6.0%) | 8 (3.4%) | |
| Primary school | 396 (39.9%) | 302 (39.8%) | 94 (40.2%) | |
| Secondary school | 138 (13.9%) | 106 (14.0%) | 32 (13.7%) | |
| Higher education | 172 (17.3%) | 131 (17.3%) | 41 (17.5%) | |
| Missing | 1 (0.1%) | 1 (0.1%) | (0.0%) | |
| Religion | 0.47c | |||
| Muslim | 110 (11.1%) | 79 (10.4%) | 31 (13.3%) | |
| Orthodox Christian or Jehovah’s Witness | 337 (33.9%) | 258 (34.0%) | 79 (33.8%) | |
| Protestant | 545 (54.9%) | 421 (55.5%) | 124 (53.0%) | |
| Missing | 1 (0.1%) | 1 (0.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Relationship Status | 0.48b | |||
| Single | 26 (2.6%) | 22 (2.9%) | 4 (1.7%) | |
| Not single | 959 (96.6%) | 730 (96.2%) | 229 (97.9%) | |
| Missing | 8 (0.8%) | 7 (0.9%) | 1 (0.4%) | |
| Woreda | <0.00 1c |
|||
| Urban | 541 (54.5%) | 389 (51.3%) | 152 (65.0%) | |
| Rural | 452 (45.5%) | 370 (48.7%) | 82 (35.0%) | |
| Parity | 0.06c | |||
| 0 | 428 (42.8%) | 325 (42.8%) | 101 (43.3%) | |
| 1 | 263 (26.3%) | 199 (26.2%) | 63 (26.9%) | |
| 2 | 144 (14.4%) | 120 (15.8%) | 23 (9.8%) | |
| 3 | 68 (6.8%) | 50 (6.7%) | 17 (7.3%) | |
| 4 | 37 (3.7%) | 29 (3.8%) | 8 (3.4%) | |
| 5+ | 58 (5.8%) | 35 (4.6%) | 22 (9.4%) | |
| Missing | 2 (0.2%) | 1 (0.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Months Since Last Delivery (parity 1+ n = 572) | 0.53c
0.46a |
|||
| < 24 months | 46 (4.6%) | 37 (4.9%) | 9 (3.9%) | |
| 24+ months | 521 (52.5%) | 398 (52.4%) | 123 (52.6%) | |
| Missing | 429 (42.9%) | 324 (42.7%) | 102 (43.6%) | |
| Median (IQR) | 56 [36, 84] | 60 [36, 84] | 48 [36, 84] | |
| Gestational Age Determination | 0.32c | |||
| Clinical Exam (Fundal Height) | 472 (47.4%) | 367 (48.6%) | 102 (43.6%) | |
| Last Menstrual Period | 66 (6.6%) | 47 (6.2%) | 19 (8.1%) | |
| Ultrasound | 457 (45.9%) | 341 (45.2%) | 113 (48.3%) | |
| Missing | 5 (0.5%) | 4 (0.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| History of Cesarean Birth | <0.00 1b |
|||
| 0 | 942 (94.9%) | 741 (97.6%) | 201 (85.9%) | |
| 1 | 44 (4.4%) | 15(2.0%) | 29 (12.4%) | |
| 2+ | 5 (0.5%) | 1 (0.1%) | 4 (1.7%) | |
| Missing | 2 (0.2%) | 2 (0.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| HIV+ | 0.34b | |||
| Yes | 21 (2.1%) | 19 (2.5%) | 2 (0.9%) | |
| No | 964 (97.1%) | 734 (96.7%) | 230 (98.3%) | |
| Missing | 8 (0.8%) | 6 (0.8%) | 2 (0.9%) | |
| Number of Prenatal Visits | 0.38c | |||
| 0 | 19 (1.9%) | 11 (1.5%) | 8 (3.4%) | |
| < 8 | 914 (92.0%) | 703 (92.6%) | 211 (90.2%) | |
| 8+ | 55 (5.5%) | 40 (5.3%) | 15 (6.4%) | |
| Missing | 5 (0.5%) | 5 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
a
: Mann Whitney U test
b
: Fisher’s Exact test
c
: Chi-squared test
*
unknown mode of delivery for missing data
Note: missing data was not included in bivariate comparisons and chi-squared testing was used for cell sizes above 5