Table 3:
Postpartum Interventions and/or Complications of Women and Infants by Mode of Delivery.
| Characteristic | Overall Population | Bivariate Comparisons | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) N = 993 |
Vaginal Birth (n = 759, 75.9%) |
Cesarean Birth (n = 234, 23.4%) |
P-Value | ||
| Postpartum Maternal Interventions and/or Complications | |||||
| Postpartum Blood Transfusion | <0.001a | ||||
| No | 976 (98.3%) | 755 (99.5%) | 221 (94.4%) | ||
| Yes | 15 (1.5%) | 4 (0.5%) | 11 (4.7%) | ||
| Missing | 2 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.9%) | ||
| Postpartum Antibiotics | <0.001b | ||||
| No | 900 (90.6%) | 740 (97.5%) | 160 (68.4%) | ||
| Yes | 88 (8.9%) | 17 (2.2%) | 71 (30.3%) | ||
| Missing | 5 (0.5%) | 2 (0.3%) | 3 (1.3%) | ||
| Postpartum Hypertensive Treatment | 0.04b | ||||
| No | 967 (97.4%) | 741 (97.6%) | 226 (96.6%) | ||
| Yes | 24 (2.4%) | 18 (2.4%) | 6 (2.6%) | ||
| Missing | 2 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.9%) | ||
| Postpartum Anticonvulsant Treatment | 0.05a | ||||
| No | 965 (97.2%) | 737 (97.1%) | 228 (97.4%) | ||
| Yes | 26 (2.6%) | 22 (2.9%) | 4 (1.7%) | ||
| Missing | 2 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.9%) | ||
| Maternal Length of Hospitalization Median (IQR) | 1 [1, 3] | 1 [1, 1] | 3 [3, 4] | <0.001c | |
| Missing | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Neonatal Interventions and/or Complications | <0.001c | ||||
| Five-Minute Apgar Score Median (IQR) | 9 [8, 9] | 9 [8, 9] | 8 [7, 9] | ||
| Missing | 45 (4.5%) | 30 (3.0%) | 18 (1.8%) | ||
| Stillbirth | 0.001a | ||||
| Yes, Fresh | 29 (2.9%) | 15 (2.0%) | 14 (6.0%) | ||
| Yes, Macerated | 12 (1.2%) | 11 (1.5%) | 1 (0.4%) | ||
| No | 903 (90.9%) | 702 (92.5%) | 201 (85.9%) | ||
| Missing | 49 (4.9%) | 31 (4.1%) | 18 (7.7%) | ||
| Bag & Mask Resuscitation | 0.79a | ||||
| No | 977 (98.4%) | 746 (98.3%) | 231 (98.7%) | ||
| Yes | 12 (1.2%) | 9 (1.2%) | 3 (1.3%) | ||
| Missing | 4 (0.4%) | 4 (0.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Intranasal Oxygen | 0.79a | ||||
| No | 970 (97.7%) | 740 (97.5%) | 230 (98.3%) | ||
| Yes | 20 (2.0%) | 16 (2.1%) | 4 (1.7%) | ||
| Missing | 3 (0.3%) | 3 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) | 0.18a | ||||
| No | 980 (97.7%) | 750 (98.8%) | 230 (98.3%) | ||
| Yes | 9 (2.0%) | 5 (0.7%) | 4 (1.7%) | ||
| Missing | 4 (0.3%) | 4 (0.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Intravenous Fluid Administration | 0.18b | ||||
| No | 959 (96.6%) | 731 (96.3%) | 228 (97.4%) | ||
| Yes | 31 (3.1%) | 25 (3.3%) | 6 (2.6%) | ||
| Missing | 3 (0.3%) | 3 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Antibiotics | 0.85b | ||||
| No | 952 (95.9%) | 727 (95.8%) | 225 (96.2%) | ||
| Yes | 34 (3.4%) | 26 (3.4%) | 8 (3.4%) | ||
| Missing | 7 (0.7%) | 6 (0.8%) | 1 (0.4%) | ||
| Blood Transfusion | 1.0a | ||||
| No | 982 (98.9%) | 756 (98.8%) | 232 (99.2%) | ||
| Yes | 4 (0.4%) | 2 (0.4%) | 1 (0.4%) | ||
| Missing | 7 (0.7%) | 1 (0.8%) | 1 (0.4%) | ||
| Neonate Status on Day of Discharge | 0.07b | ||||
| Dead* | 55 (5.5%) | 35 (4.6%) | 20 (8.6%) | ||
| Alive | 933 (94.0%) | 720 (94.9%) | 213 (91.0%) | ||
| Missing | 5 (0.5%) | 4 (0.5%) | 1 (0.4%) | ||
| Neonatal Length of Hospitalization, Median (IQR) |
1 [1, 3] | 1 [1, 1] | 3 [3, 4] | <0.001c | |
| Missing | 20 (2.0%) | 13 (1.7%) | 7 (3.0%) | ||
a
: Fisher’s Exact test
b
: Chi-squared test
c
: Mann-Whitney U test
*
Total number dead, including stillbirths
Note: missing data were not included in bivariate comparisons, and chi-squared testing was used for cell sizes above 5