Appendix:

Degrees of Freedom, Test Statistic, and Cramer’s V for Each Covariate

Characteristic	Degrees of Freedom	Test Statistic	Cramer’s V Test of Correlation with Mode of Birth
Age	-	Z = −1.9	0.1
Education	5	3.1	0.06
Religion	1	13.9	−0.1
Relationship Status	2	1.5	0.5
Woreda	2	1.6	0.04
Parity	6	12.1	0.06
Months Since Last Delivery (parity 1+ n = 572)	-	Z = 0.5	0.2
Gestational Age Determination	2	2.29	0.05
History of Cesarean Birth	2	55.2	0.2
HIV+	1	2.3	−0.04
Number of Prenatal Visits	-	Z = −0.9	0.2

^a: Mann Whitney U test;

^b: Fisher’s Exact test;

^c: Chi-squared test