Table 3.

Effects between perceived threat of COVID-19 and aggressive tendencies during the pandemic

Effects	Participants in	Std.Est	SE	p	Lower 95% CI	Upper 95% CI
Direct effect	Hubei Province	0.03	0.01	< 0.001	−0.05	−0.01
	Other Regions of China	0.00	0.01	0.919	−0.02	0.02
Indirect effect though sense of control only	Hubei Province	0.16	0.01	< 0.001	0.15	0.18
	Other Regions of China	0.14	0.01	< 0.001	0.12	0.15
Indirect effect through powerlessness only	Hubei Province	0.04	0.00	< 0.001	0.04	0.05
	Other Regions of China	0.02	0.00	< 0.001	0.01	0.03
Indirect effect though sense of control and powerlessness in serial	Hubei Province	0.14	0.00	< 0.001	0.13	0.14
	Other Regions of China	0.13	0.01	< 0.001	0.11	0.14
Total effect	Hubei Province	0.31	0.01	< 0.001	0.30	0.32
	Other Regions of China	0.29	0.01	< 0.001	0.27	0.30

Std.Est stands for Standardized Estimate, CI stands for Confidence Interval