Table 5.

Mann–Whitney U test results for participants from different regions

	Participants in	N	Mean	Median	SD	SE	Mann-Whitney U Test
							Statistic	p	Effect Size
Perceived threat of COVID-19	Hubei Province	757	3.60	3.62	0.66	0.02	240,421.00	< 0.001	0.21
	Other Regions of China	799	3.34	3.38	0.68	0.02
Aggressive tendencies during the pandemic	Hubei Province	757	2.45	2.33	0.89	0.03	244,275.00	< 0.001	0.19
	Other Regions of China	799	2.14	2.00	0.75	0.03
Sense of control during the pandemic	Hubei Province	757	2.95	2.92	0.84	0.03	224,367.50	< 0.001	0.26
	Other Regions of China	799	3.33	3.33	0.82	0.03
Sense of powerless during the pandemic	Hubei Province	757	2.56	2.50	0.79	0.03	250,827.00	< 0.001	0.17
	Other Regions of China	799	2.32	2.25	0.72	0.03
Positive coping during the pandemic	Hubei Province	757	3.58	3.67	0.64	0.02	250,238.50	< 0.001	0.17
	Other Regions of China	799	3.76	3.83	0.58	0.02
Negative coping during the pandemic	Hubei Province	757	2.94	2.88	0.63	0.02	299,172.50	0.713	0.01
	Other Regions of China	799	2.94	3.00	0.61	0.02
Life satisfaction during the pandemic	Hubei Province	757	2.95	3.00	0.82	0.03	234,320.50	< 0.001	0.23
	Other Regions of China	799	3.29	3.20	0.79	0.03