Table 1.
Monoclonal antibodies in AML.
| Category | Drug name | Drug details | Antigen/target | Combination therapy | Indication (AML only) | Effects in vitro o vivo | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unconjugated Monoclonal antibody | Lintuzumab (HuM195) | Monoclonal Antibody | CD33 | Salvage chemotherapy; cytarabine | R/R AML | Induced antobody-dependent cell-medated citotoxicity and fixing human complement in vitro; no improved in ORR or OS | (26–29) |
| Talacotuzumab (CSL362) | Monoclonal Antibody | CD123 | Daunorubicin and cytarabine; alone; decitabine | R/R AML; high risk AML in I or II CR; alderly high risk AML after HMA failure | Improved ORR; in elderly high-risk AML no efficacy | (46–51) | |
| CSL360 | Chimeric Monoclonal Antibody | CD123 | Alone | Advanced AML | No efficacy | (45) | |
| Conjugate antibody | Gentuzumab ozogamicin (GO) | ADC combining calicheamicin-γ1 with a IgG4 | CD33 | Induction/consolidation | AML de novo with favorable and intermediate-risk | Improved EFS and OS | (14–19) |
| Lintuzumab 213Bi | Abs labeled with the α-emitters bismuth- 213 (213Bi) | CD33 | After chemotherapy | De novo or R/R AML | High toxicity and treatment-related death | (28) | |
| Lintuzumab Ac225 | Abs labeled with the α-emitters actinium-225 (225Ac) | CD33 | Salvage chemotherapy; venetoclax | R/R AML as a bridge to SCT | Improved CR/CRi rate with prolonged myelosuppression | (30, 31) | |
| SGN-CD33A | antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) | CD33 | Alone; azacitidine | Relapsed CD33 positive or declined intensive therapy | Reduction in BM blasts; in combination early mortality | (33) | |
| Tagraxofusp (SL-401) | CD123-directed cytotoxin | CD123 | Consolidation Therapy; azacitidine | Adverse risk AML in first CR or RR and naive AML not eligible for induction chemotherapy | Efficacy data not available | (41–44) | |
| IMGN632 | ADC | CD123 | Alone; azacitidine and/or venetoclax | R/R AML or R/R BPDCN | Improved CR/CRi in frontline BPDCN | (52–54) | |
| Bispecific antibodies | AMG330 | BiTE and CiTE | CD3 and CD33 | Pembrolizumab; | R/R AML | In vivo prolonged OS; improved CR/CRi | (64–69) |
| AMG673 | BiTE | CD3 and CD33x | Alone | R/R AML | Improved CR/CRi | (70–72) | |
| G333 | TandAbs | CD3 and CD33 | Alone | R/R AML | Data not available | (73, 74) | |
| AMV564 | TandAbs | CD33 and CD3 | Pembrolizumab | R/R AML | Improved CR/CRi | Na | |
| Flotetuzumab (MGD006 or S80880) | DARTs | CD3 and CD123 | R/R AML | Improved CR/CRi in primary refractory also in TP53 mutated | (75, 78–82) | ||
| Vibecotamab (XmAb14045) | DARTs | CD3 and CD123 | Alone | R/R AML heavily pretreated | Good efficacy | (84) | |
| SPM-2 | TRiKe | CD33, CD123 and CD16 | Alone | In vitro in blasts of unfavorable genetic subtype AML | Eliminate LSC | (85) |