Table 3.
Checkpoint blockade.
| Category | Drug name | Drug details | Antigen/target | Combination therapy | Indication (AML only) | Effects in vitro o vivo | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ICPI | Ipilimumab | CTLA-4 inhibitor | CTLA-4 | After allogeneic SCT; decitabine | R/R AML after prior allo-SCT | Durable CR | (142–151) |
| Nivolumab | PD-1 inhibitor | PD-1 | Alone; azacitidine; idarubicin and cytarabine | Maintenance in high risk secondary/therapy related AML; consolidation in relapsed AML; front line therapy in de novo high risk AML | Good efficacy and favorable safety profile | (144–149) | |
| Pembrolizumab | PD-1 inhibitor | PD-1 | Alone after HDAC followed to allo-SCT; azacitidine | R/R AML; de novo and R/R AML, elderly patient | Good efficacy and favorable safety profile | (147, 148) | |
| Sabatolimab | IgG4 antibody | TIM-3 | HMAs | De novo and R/R AML | Good efficacy and favorable safety profile | (152, 153) | |
| Magrolimab | Macrophage checkpoint inhibitor | SIRPα | HMA; venetoclax | Refractory AML TP53 mutated or wild-type | Good efficacy and favorable safety profile | (154, 155) |