Table 2.

Framework analysis themes and examples

Theme	Sample quotation
Benefits of Quiz	It was really helpful for us to see what [the professor] would emphasize and word things… what they thought was important. (M2022 Focus Group)
Usage of Quiz	I really appreciated having the questions when I was studying for finals. (M2023 Survey)
Reasons for attendance or non-attendance	Some topics I didn’t feel I needed the quizzes, so I did not go for [those topics]. (M2022 Survey)
Friday vs. Monday	Having it on Friday helps because then you’ve realized things you should spend more time on from a few weeks ago that you forgot. (M2023 Focus group)
Faculty role in Quiz	One of the missteps was when faculty members felt they had to go through questions with the whole group. (M2022 Focus Group)
Frustration with Quiz	Groups would finish early and it became loud and distracting. (M2023 Survey)
Suggestions for improvement	Maybe send [questions] out ahead of time so we can read and complete them in a couple minutes and then go over them as a large group faster. (M2022 Survey)