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. 2021 May 19;59(1):44. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5224

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Copyright: © Wang et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Exosomes can encapsulate chemical agents and be modified as engineered exosomes to deliver the agents to target cells. Exosomes can carry drugs such as GEM, PTX and imatinib and deliver them to recipient cells. Exosomes can also be loaded with the miRNA, siRNA or CRISPR/Cas9 system for tumor treatment. The surface of exosomes can be modified with SAV-LA or HMGN1 to increase the effect of antigen presentation. In addition, careful modification of the surface of exosomes with PEG or IL4 can increase the ability of the exosomes to avoid deletion and target tumor cells. GEM, gemcitabine; PTX, paclitaxel; CRISP/Cas9, clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated protein 9; BCR/ABL, breakpoint cluster region-c/abl oncogene 1; siRNA, short interfering RNA; miR, microRNA; SAV-LA, streptavidin-lactobacillus adhesion; HMGN1, high-mobility group nucleosome binding domain 1; PEG, polyethylene glycol; IL4, interleukin 4; DC, dendritic cell; HSP70, heat shock protein 70; CD, cluster of differentiation; ALIX, apoptosis-linked gene 2 interacting protein X; TSG101, tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein.